Male and female physiology Flashcards
what cells produce sperm?
germ cells
what cells produce testosterone?
interstitial / leydig cells
what cells produce inhibin/ mullein inhibiting hormone MIH?
sertoli cells
what hormone triggers spermatogenesis?
FSH
what hormone triggers development of male sex characteristics?
LH - leydig cells - androgens (testosterone)
where is mature sperm located?
epididymis
what are the 2 phases of the ovarian cycle and what hormones dominate?
follicular stage: FSH
luteal stage: LH
what are the phases of the menstrual cycle and what hormones dominate?
proliferative phase - oestrogen
secretory phase - progesterone
what hormone is responsible for stopping the menstrual cycle during pregnancy and how?
human chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG)
increase of progesterone acts on the corpus luteum to stop it from developing into corpus albicans and therefore keep producing progesterone
what is the role of progesterone?
makes the uterine lining thicker, more vascular and secretory in order to make it a suitable environment for implantation
what produces progesterone?
corpus luteum
peak of what hormone triggers ovulation?
LH
briefly describe oogenesis in females.
oogonium undergo mitotic division to produce primary oocytes before or shortly after birth.
due to the influence of hormones, during each cycle, after puberty, one of the primary oocyte dominate and undergo first meiotic division to release secondary oocyte at ovulation
if fertilisation occurs, secondary oocytes undergo second meiotic division to produce mature ovum
give an example of a central cause which affects oogenesis.
pituitary/hypothalamic tumour,
functional i.e. excessive exercise, low/high BMI, stress
give an example of a peripheral cause which affects oogenesis.
turners syndrome
pre mature ovarian failure: FSH and LH are high but oestrogen is very low
