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NU314 OB > STI's > Flashcards

STI's Flashcards

1
Q

Sexually transmitted infections (STI)

A

Bacterial, viral, and parasitic infections of the reproductive tract caused by microorganisms transmitted through vaginal, anal, or oral sexual intercourse

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2
Q

Is Chlamydia a curable STI?

A

yes

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3
Q

How is chlamydia transmitted to others?

A

vaginal, anal, and oral sex and by childbirth

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4
Q

What diagnostic testing is recommended for chlamydia?

A

-Culture fluid from endocervical swabs
-NAAT from urine
-Conjunctival secretions in neonates
Females should be screened annually

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5
Q

What are some symptoms of chlamydia?

A

-Usually asymptomatic
Vaginal discharge, endocervicitis, inflammation of the rectum and lining of the eye, can infect the throat, dysuria, urinary frequency, dyspareunia

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6
Q

Treatment of Chlamydia

A

Azithromycin
Doxycycline
**Will also treat for gonorrhea

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7
Q

Chlamydia

A
  • Most common bacterial STI in the US

- caused by chlamydia trachomatis (parasite)

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8
Q

Gonorrhea

A
  • Second most common reported infection
  • HIGHLY contagious and reportable to health departments
  • caused by: aerobic gram-negative intracellular diplococcus
  • IS CURABLE
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9
Q

What is the site of infection for Gonorrhea?

A

Columnar epithelium of endocervix

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10
Q

How is Gonorrhea transmitted?

A

Almost exclusively by sexual intercourse

Sometimes childbirth

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11
Q

Testing for Gonorrhea

A

Gram stain or culture for bacteria
NAAT
Females should screen annually

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12
Q

Symptoms of Gonorrhea

A

May be asymptomatic
-Dysuria, urinary frequency, dyspareunia, abnormal vaginal discharge (yellow and foul), endocervisitis, arthritis, PID, Bartholin abscess

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13
Q

Treatment for Gonorrhea

A

Ceftriaxone and azithromycin

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14
Q

Patient Education for Gonorrhea

A
  • Sexual partners need evaluation, testing, and treatment also
  • Abstinence from sexual activity until therapy is complete and symptoms gone
  • Retesting in 3 months to rule out reoccurrence
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15
Q

What can happen to the babies who are born to mothers with gonorrhea?

A

Neonatal conjunctivitis which can lead to blindness

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16
Q

P-LI-SS-IT Model

A

P-permission–gives permission to talk about experience
LI-Limited Info–info given about STI
SS-Specific Suggestions-attempt to help change behavior and prevent reoccurrence
IT-Intensive therapy-referring to treatment elsewhere

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17
Q

Genital Herpes Simplex

A

Lifelong recurrent viral disease

NO CURE

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18
Q

How is genital herpes transmitted?

A

Contact with mucous membranes or breaks in the skin with visible or nonvisible lesions

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19
Q

How is diagnosis for genital herpes confirmed?

A

via viral culture or fluid from vesicle

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20
Q

Treatment for Genital Herpes

A

NO CURE

Antivirals used to treat first episode, reoccurrence and transmission

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21
Q

Primary Episode symptoms of genital herpes

A

Most severe and prolonged
-multiple painful vesicular lesions, mucopurulent discharge, superinfection, fever, chills, malaise, dysuria, headache, genital irritation, lymphadenopathy, inguinal tenderness

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22
Q

Recurrent infection of genital herpes

A

More localized and quicker resolution

-tingling, itching, pain, unilateral genital lesions

23
Q

Syphilis

A

Curable bacterial infection caused by spirochete Treponema pallidum
-serious systemic disease

24
Q

Mode of Transmission Syphilis

A

sexual intercourse

25
Q

Treatment for Syphilis

A

Benzathine penicillin injection

-If penicillin allergy use doxycycline

26
Q

Primary Syphilis Infection Symptoms

A

Chancre

Painless bilateral adenopathy

27
Q

Secondary Syphilis Infection Symptoms

A

Flu-like symptoms
Rash on trunk, hands, and feet
Alopecia
Adenopathy

28
Q

Latency Syphilis Infection

A

Absence of manifestations

Positive serology

29
Q

Tertiary Syphilis Infection

A

Life-threatening heart disease
Neurologic disease
Tumors on skin bones and liver
Usually not reversible

30
Q

Pelvic Inflammatory disease (PID)

A

Inflammation of the upper reproductive tract

-Results from ascending polymicrobial infection frequently caused by untreated chlamydia or gonorrhea

31
Q

Symptoms and Results of PID

A

Ectopic pregnancy, pelvic abscess, subfertility, abdominal pain, pelvic adhesions, depression, adnexal tenderness, cervical motion tenderness

32
Q

What is used to diagnose PID?

A

Endometrial biopsy, transvaginal ultrasound, laparoscopic examination

33
Q

Nursing Management for PID

A

Maintain hydration, analgesics for pain, semi-fowler’s position to facilitate drainage, education about prevention of reoccurrence, sexual counseling

34
Q

Human Papillomavirus (HPV)

A

Most common VIRAL infection in the US

Will see genital warts (condylomata)

35
Q

Symptoms of HPV

A

Most Asymptomatic
Visible genital warts
May develop into cervical cancer

36
Q

Diagnostic tests for HPV

A

Pap smears and HPV test

37
Q

Treatment for HPV

A

NO CURE
HPV vaccine for prevention and education on treatment of lesions
-Cervarix, Gardasil, and Gardasil 9

38
Q

Hepatitis A and B

A

An acute systemic viral infection that can be transmitted sexually; inflammation of the liver

39
Q

How does Hepatitis A spread? Acquired?

A

via the GI tract

from polluted water, uncooked shellfish, food handled by a hepatitis carrier with poor hygiene, and oral/anal contact

40
Q

How does Hep B spread?

A

via saliva, blood, semen, menstrual blood, and vaginal secretions

41
Q

Hepatitis A Symptoms

A

Flu-like symptoms w/ malaise, skin rash, fatigue, anorexia, nausea, pruritus, fever, and upper right quadrant pain

42
Q

Hep B Symptoms

A

Similar to Hep A but with less fever and skin involvement

43
Q

Ectoparasitic Infections

A

common cause of skin rash and pruritus around the world

Scabies and Pubic Lice

44
Q

Scabies

A

intensely pruritic dermatitis caused by a mite

-female mite burrows under the skin and lays eggs which hatch

45
Q

Symptoms of Scabies

A

Pruritus, lesions, rash

46
Q

How is HIV transmitted?

A

sexual intercourse, sharing needles, mother to fetus, transfusion of infected blood or blood products

47
Q

Three Stages of HIV infection

A

1) Acute seroconversion
2) Asymptomatic Infection
3) AIDS

48
Q

Goals of HIV drug therapy

A
  • decrease viral load below level of detection
  • restore bodies ability to fight off pathogens
  • improve quality of life
  • reduce morbidity and mortality
49
Q

What is the therapeutic management technique for HIV?

A

HAART-highly active antiretroviral therapy

-combines at least ARV drugs

50
Q

Vaginitis

A

inflammation and infection of the vagina

51
Q

What are the 3 most common causes of vaginitis?

A

Candida-fungus
Trichomonas-protozoan
Gardnerella-bacterium

52
Q

Vulvovaginal Candidiasis

A

One of the most common causes of vaginal discharge

  • yeast, monilial, or fungal infection
  • NOT considered an STI
53
Q

Nursing Management for Vulvovaginal Candidiasis

A

Teaching preventative measures: cotton underwear, avoid irritants, hygiene, avoid douching/super absorbent tampons, avoiding sex and alcohol

54
Q

Bacterial Vaginosis

A

Most prevalent cause of vaginal discharge

Risk factors: multiple sex partners, douching, lack of vaginal lactobacilli

NU314 OB (21 decks)

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