- Most common bacterial STI in the US - caused by chlamydia trachomatis (parasite)

- Second most common reported infection - HIGHLY contagious and reportable to health departments - caused by: aerobic gram-negative intracellular diplococcus - IS CURABLE

STI's Flashcards by Savannah Moss

Sexually transmitted infections (STI)

Bacterial, viral, and parasitic infections of the reproductive tract caused by microorganisms transmitted through vaginal, anal, or oral sexual intercourse

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Is Chlamydia a curable STI?

yes

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How is chlamydia transmitted to others?

vaginal, anal, and oral sex and by childbirth

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What diagnostic testing is recommended for chlamydia?

-Culture fluid from endocervical swabs
-NAAT from urine
-Conjunctival secretions in neonates
Females should be screened annually

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What are some symptoms of chlamydia?

-Usually asymptomatic
Vaginal discharge, endocervicitis, inflammation of the rectum and lining of the eye, can infect the throat, dysuria, urinary frequency, dyspareunia

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Treatment of Chlamydia

Azithromycin
Doxycycline
**Will also treat for gonorrhea

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Chlamydia

Most common bacterial STI in the US

- caused by chlamydia trachomatis (parasite)

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Gonorrhea

Second most common reported infection
HIGHLY contagious and reportable to health departments
caused by: aerobic gram-negative intracellular diplococcus
IS CURABLE

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What is the site of infection for Gonorrhea?

Columnar epithelium of endocervix

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How is Gonorrhea transmitted?

Almost exclusively by sexual intercourse

Sometimes childbirth

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Testing for Gonorrhea

Gram stain or culture for bacteria
NAAT
Females should screen annually

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Symptoms of Gonorrhea

May be asymptomatic
-Dysuria, urinary frequency, dyspareunia, abnormal vaginal discharge (yellow and foul), endocervisitis, arthritis, PID, Bartholin abscess

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Treatment for Gonorrhea

Ceftriaxone and azithromycin

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Patient Education for Gonorrhea

Sexual partners need evaluation, testing, and treatment also
Abstinence from sexual activity until therapy is complete and symptoms gone
Retesting in 3 months to rule out reoccurrence

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What can happen to the babies who are born to mothers with gonorrhea?

Neonatal conjunctivitis which can lead to blindness

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P-LI-SS-IT Model

P-permission–gives permission to talk about experience
LI-Limited Info–info given about STI
SS-Specific Suggestions-attempt to help change behavior and prevent reoccurrence
IT-Intensive therapy-referring to treatment elsewhere

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Genital Herpes Simplex

Lifelong recurrent viral disease

NO CURE

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How is genital herpes transmitted?

Contact with mucous membranes or breaks in the skin with visible or nonvisible lesions

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How is diagnosis for genital herpes confirmed?

via viral culture or fluid from vesicle

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Treatment for Genital Herpes

NO CURE

Antivirals used to treat first episode, reoccurrence and transmission

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Primary Episode symptoms of genital herpes

Most severe and prolonged
-multiple painful vesicular lesions, mucopurulent discharge, superinfection, fever, chills, malaise, dysuria, headache, genital irritation, lymphadenopathy, inguinal tenderness

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Recurrent infection of genital herpes

More localized and quicker resolution

-tingling, itching, pain, unilateral genital lesions

Syphilis

Curable bacterial infection caused by spirochete Treponema pallidum
-serious systemic disease

Mode of Transmission Syphilis

sexual intercourse

Treatment for Syphilis

Benzathine penicillin injection | -If penicillin allergy use doxycycline

Primary Syphilis Infection Symptoms

Chancre | Painless bilateral adenopathy

Secondary Syphilis Infection Symptoms

Flu-like symptoms Rash on trunk, hands, and feet Alopecia Adenopathy

Latency Syphilis Infection

Absence of manifestations | Positive serology

Tertiary Syphilis Infection

Life-threatening heart disease Neurologic disease Tumors on skin bones and liver Usually not reversible

Pelvic Inflammatory disease (PID)

Inflammation of the upper reproductive tract | -Results from ascending polymicrobial infection frequently caused by untreated chlamydia or gonorrhea

Symptoms and Results of PID

Ectopic pregnancy, pelvic abscess, subfertility, abdominal pain, pelvic adhesions, depression, adnexal tenderness, cervical motion tenderness

What is used to diagnose PID?

Endometrial biopsy, transvaginal ultrasound, laparoscopic examination

Nursing Management for PID

Maintain hydration, analgesics for pain, semi-fowler's position to facilitate drainage, education about prevention of reoccurrence, sexual counseling

Human Papillomavirus (HPV)

Most common VIRAL infection in the US | Will see genital warts (condylomata)

Symptoms of HPV

Most Asymptomatic Visible genital warts May develop into cervical cancer

Diagnostic tests for HPV

Pap smears and HPV test

Treatment for HPV

NO CURE HPV vaccine for prevention and education on treatment of lesions -Cervarix, Gardasil, and Gardasil 9

Hepatitis A and B

An acute systemic viral infection that can be transmitted sexually; inflammation of the liver

How does Hepatitis A spread? Acquired?

via the GI tract | from polluted water, uncooked shellfish, food handled by a hepatitis carrier with poor hygiene, and oral/anal contact

How does Hep B spread?

via saliva, blood, semen, menstrual blood, and vaginal secretions

Hepatitis A Symptoms

Flu-like symptoms w/ malaise, skin rash, fatigue, anorexia, nausea, pruritus, fever, and upper right quadrant pain

Hep B Symptoms

Similar to Hep A but with less fever and skin involvement

Ectoparasitic Infections

common cause of skin rash and pruritus around the world | Scabies and Pubic Lice

Scabies

intensely pruritic dermatitis caused by a mite | -female mite burrows under the skin and lays eggs which hatch

Symptoms of Scabies

Pruritus, lesions, rash

How is HIV transmitted?

sexual intercourse, sharing needles, mother to fetus, transfusion of infected blood or blood products

Three Stages of HIV infection

1) Acute seroconversion 2) Asymptomatic Infection 3) AIDS

Goals of HIV drug therapy

- decrease viral load below level of detection - restore bodies ability to fight off pathogens - improve quality of life - reduce morbidity and mortality

What is the therapeutic management technique for HIV?

HAART-highly active antiretroviral therapy | -combines at least ARV drugs

Vaginitis

inflammation and infection of the vagina

What are the 3 most common causes of vaginitis?

Candida-fungus Trichomonas-protozoan Gardnerella-bacterium

Vulvovaginal Candidiasis

One of the most common causes of vaginal discharge - yeast, monilial, or fungal infection - NOT considered an STI

Nursing Management for Vulvovaginal Candidiasis

Teaching preventative measures: cotton underwear, avoid irritants, hygiene, avoid douching/super absorbent tampons, avoiding sex and alcohol

Bacterial Vaginosis

Most prevalent cause of vaginal discharge | Risk factors: multiple sex partners, douching, lack of vaginal lactobacilli