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NU314 OB > Common Reproductive Issues > Flashcards

Common Reproductive Issues Flashcards

1
Q

Common Menstrual Disorders

A 
Amenorrhea 
Dysmenorrhea
Dysfunctional uterine bleeding (DUB)
Premenstrual syndrome 
Premenstrual dysphoric disorder
Endometriosis
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2
Q

Common Women’s Reproductive disorders

A 
Menstrual disorder
Infertility
Contraception
Abortion
Menopause
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3
Q

Amenorrhea

A

Absence of menses during reproductive years

Primary and Secondary Amenorrhea

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4
Q

Primary Amenorrhea

A

Absence of menses by age 14 with absence of development of secondary sexual characteristics or
Absence of menses by age 16 with normal development of secondary sexual characteristics

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5
Q

Secondary Amenorrhea

A

Absence of menses after a previous menstrual cycles

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6
Q

Dysmenorrhea

A

Painful menstruation

Primary and secondary

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7
Q

Primary Dysmenorrhea

A

increased prostaglandin production

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8
Q

Secondary Dysmenorrhea

A

Pelvic or uterine pathology
Surgery pain
Endometriosis is the most common cause

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9
Q

Dysfunctional Uterine Bleeding

A

Similar to and may overlap with other uterine bleeding disorders

  • most often at the beginning and end of menstrual cycle
  • hormonal disturbance
  • treat underlying cause
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10
Q

Premenstrual Syndrome

A

a constellation of recurrent symptoms that occur during the luteal phase or last half of the menstrual cycle and resolve with the onset of menstruation

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11
Q

What is a more serious form of PMS?

A

Premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD)

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12
Q

Symptoms of PMS/PMDD (ACDHO)

A 
A-anxiety 
C-craving
D-depression
H-hydration
O-other
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13
Q

How many symptoms must be present to be diagnosed with PMS and PMDD?

A

PMS-at least 1 during the 5 days before menses in each of the three previous cycles
PMDD-at least 5 and must occur during the week before and a few days after the onset of menstruation

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14
Q

Endometriosis

A

bits of functioning endometrial tissue are located outside of their normal site, the uterine cavity

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15
Q

Primary Infertility

A

the inability to conceive a child after 1 year of regular sexual intercourse unprotected by contraception

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16
Q

Secondary Infertility

A

the inability to conceive after a previous pregnancy

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17
Q

Male Factor Assessment for infertility

A

semen analysis, sexual characteristics, external and internal reproductive organ examination, digital prostate examination

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18
Q

Female Infertility Factor assessment

A

ovarian function pelvic organs

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19
Q

Laboratory and diagnostic testing for infertility

A
  • Home ovulation predictor kits
  • Clomiphene citrate challenge test
  • Hysterosalpingogram
  • Laparoscopy
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20
Q

Risk factors for Amenorrhea

A

menstrual history, past illnesses, hospitalizations, surgeries, obstetric history, use of prescriptions, lifestyle changes, present illnesses

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21
Q

Risk factors for Endometriosis

A

family history, short menstrual cycle, long menstrual flow, high fat consumption, young age of menarche, few or no pregnancies

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22
Q

Contraception BEHAVIORAL Methods

A
  • Abstinence
  • Fertility awareness
  • Withdrawal
  • Lactational amenorrhea method
23
Q

How can a woman have fertility awareness?

A
  • Cervical mucous ovulation method
  • Basal body temperature
  • Symptothermal method
  • Standard days method
24
Q

Contraception BARRIER Method

A
  • Condoms
  • Diaphragm
  • Cervical cap
  • Contraceptive sponge
25
Q

Contraception HORMONAL Method

A
  • Oral contraceptive
  • Injectable contraceptives
  • Transdermal patches
  • Vaginal rings
  • Implantable contraceptives
  • Intrauterine contraceptives
  • Emergency contraception
26
Q

Contraception STERILIZATION

A
  • Tubal ligation

- Vasectomy

27
Q

Tubal ligation

A

Sterilization for women

-a laparoscope is inserted; fallopian tubes are grasped and sealed

28
Q

Vasectomy

A

Sterilization for men

  • Local anesthetic
  • Involves cutting the vas deferens, which carries the sperm
29
Q

What is the gold standard for assessing patency of the fallopian tubes?

A

Hysterosalpingography

30
Q

Surgical Abortion

A

two types of surgical abortion: vacuum aspiration or dilation and evacuation

31
Q

Medical Abortion

A

achieved through administration of medication either vaginally or orally

32
Q

Menopausal Transition

A

transition from a woman’s reproductive phase of her life to her final menstrual period

33
Q

Menopause and the Brain

A

hot flashes, sleep, mood, and memory problems

34
Q

Menopause and the Heart

A

lower levels of HDL; increased risk of CVD

35
Q

Menopause and Bones

A

bone density loss; increased risk of osteoporosis

36
Q

Menopause and Breasts

A

duct and gland tissues replaced by fat

37
Q

Menopause and Genitourinary

A

vaginal dryness, stress incontinence, cystitis

38
Q

Menopause and GI

A

less Ca+ absorbed; increased fractures

39
Q

Menopause and Skin

A

skin dry, thin; collagen decreases

40
Q

Abortion

A

the expulsion of an embryo or fetus before it is viable

-medical or surgical

41
Q

Sexual Abstinence

A

not having vaginal or anal intercourse

-least expensive form of contraception

42
Q

Fertility awareness

A

any natural contraceptive method that does not require hormones, pharmaceutical compounds, physical barriers, or surgery to prevent pregnancy
-use physical signs and symptoms

43
Q

Cervical Mucous Ovulation Method

A

Used to assess the character of cervical mucous
-the woman becomes aware of her bodies changes that accompany ovulation and she abstains from sexual intercourse or uses other methods to prevent pregnancy

44
Q

Basal Body Temperature

A

the lowest temperature reached on awakening

  • temp rises 1-2 days after ovulation
  • woman avoids sex until the BBT has been elevated for 3 days
45
Q

Withdrawal “Coitus Interruptus”

A

a man controls his ejaculation during sexual intercourse and ejaculates outside the vagina
-least effective

46
Q

Diaphragm

A

soft latex dome surrounded by a metal spring

  • inserted into the vagina to cover the cervix
  • inserted up to 4 hours before intercourse but must be left in place for at least 6 hours after
47
Q

Cervical cap

A

smaller than the diaphragm and covers only the cervix; held in place by suction

48
Q

Contraceptive Sponge

A

nonhormonal, nonprescription device that includes both a barrier and a spermicide

  • covers the cervix and releases spermicide
  • inserted 24 hours before intercourse and up to 6 hours after intercourse
49
Q

Vaginal Ring

A

contains both estrogen and progesterone hormones
-flexible, soft, transparent ring that is inserted by the user for a 3 week period followed by a ring free week to allow withdrawal bleeding

50
Q

Transdermal patch

A

delivers continuous flow of estrogen and progesterone absorbed through the skin
-applied for 3 weeks followed by a week free period to allow bleeding

51
Q

Intrauterine Contraceptives

A

hormonal or nonhormonal

  • prevents pregnancy via inhibition of sperm mobility and viability and change the speed of transport of the ovum in the fallopian tube
  • small plastic and T-shaped
52
Q

Emergency Contraception

A

reduces the risk of pregnancy after unprotected intercourse or contraceptive failure
-used within 72 hours

53
Q

Essure

A

nonsurgical, nonhormonal, permanent birth control method

  • for women who do not wish to have more children
  • released into the fallopian tubes through the cervix and promotes tissue growth eventually blocking the tubes (3 months)

NU314 OB (21 decks)

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