A&P of Reproductive System Flashcards
What are the components of the female reproductive system?
Reproductive Cells: eggs or ova
Organ for development of the fetus: Uterus
What are the components of the male reproductive system?
Reproductive Cells: sperm
Organ for deposit of the sperm: penis
What are the external female reproductive organs called collectively?
the “Vulva”
Vulva
- protects the urethra and vaginal openings
- highly sensitive to touch to increase female pleasure during intercourse
Components of the Vulva
- Mons pubis
- Labia majora and minora
- Clitoris
- Vestibular Structures
- Perineum
Mons Pubis
protects symphysis pubis during intercourse
Labia Majora
contains sweat and sebaceous glands; protects the vaginal opening
Labia Minora
highly vascular and abundant in nerve supply; lubricates the vulva and swells with stimulation
Clitoris
small cylindrical mass of erectile tissue and nerves; function is sexual stimulation
Prepuce
hood like covering over the clitoris, also site of female circumcision practiced in some cultures
Vestibule
oval area enclosed by the labia minora laterally located inside the labia minora and outside the hymen
What are the 4 openings into the Vestibule?
- urethra from urinary bladder
- vagina (introitus)
- Bartholin gland
- Skene gland
What is the half moon area behind the vaginal opening of the vestibule?
fourchette
What glands secrete mucous to keep the vestibule openings moist?
Bartholin and Skene
What are the internal Female reproductive organs?
Vagina
Uterus
Fallopian tubes
Ovaries
Where is the perineum located?
between the vulva and the anus
What are the 3 layers of the Uterine Wall from inner to outer?
- Endometrium
- Myometrium
- Perimetrium
Endometrium
- inner most layer of the uterine wall
- lines the uterine cavity in nonpregnant women
Myometrium
- muscular middle layer
- makes up major portion of the uterus
- composed of smooth muscle linked by connective tissue
Perimetrium
- outer serosal layer of the uterus
- covers the body of the uterus
What are the 4 regions of the uterus?
- Fundus
- Corpus
- Isthmus
- Cervix
What are accessory organs specialized for milk secretion after pregnancy?
Breasts
Breasts consist of?
Nipples
Areolas
Lobes
Alveolar and Lactiferous glands
Female Sexual Response
- Sexual stimulation leads to vasocongestion
- Vaginal expansion and elongation
- Secretion of mucous by vestibular glands
- Estrogen and testosterone release
- Orgasm
- Rapid dissipation of vasocongestion and muscle contraction
Estrogen
female hormone; preservation of vascular function
What hormone creates sexual desire in women?
testosterone
Menstruation
Expulsion of inner uterine lining occurring monthly
-marks the beginning and end of each menstrual cycle
Menarche
establishment of menstruation in females
-FIRST period
Menopause
naturally occurring cessation of regular menstrual cycles
How long can a menstrual cycle last and what is the average?
21-36 days ; the average is 28 days
Ovarian Cycle 3 Phases
THE EGG
- Follicular phase
- Ovulation
- Luteal Phase
Follicular Phase
Day 1 through ovulation, approximately days 10-14
-pituitary gland releases FSH and LH hormone
Ovulation
Day 14 of a 28 day cycle
Drop in estrogen
Time to get pregnant
Luteal Phase
Day 15 through 28
Begins at ovulation and lasts until the menstrual phase of the next cycle
Four phases of the Endometrial Cycle
- Proliferative phase
- Secretory phase
- Ischemic phase
- Menstrual phase
The Proliferative phase of the endometrial cycle corresponds to what phase of the ovarian cycle?
Follicular phase
Proliferative phase
- Increase in estrogen
- Cervical mucous becomes thin, clear, stretchy and more alkaline making it favorable for sperm
- Starts about day 5 of the menstrual cycle and lasts until ovulation
Secretory Phase
- Begins at ovulation 3 days before the next menstrual period
- Release of progesterone
Ischemic Phase
- Sharp drop in estrogen and progesterone levels
- Beginning of menstrual flow
Menstrual Phase
- Spiral arteries rupture secondary to ischemia releasing blood into the uterus
- Endometrial lining sheds
- Beginning of menstrual flow marks the end of one cycle and the beginning of another
What are the menstrual cycle hormones?
Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) Luteinizing hormone (LH) Estrogen Progesterone Prostaglandins
What are the external male reproductive organs?
Penis
Scrotum
Penis
Organ of copulation
Outlet for urine and sperm
Scrotum
Sac surrounding and protecting testes
Climate control system for testes
What are the internal male reproductive organs?
Testes
Ductal System
Testes
Sperm production
Testosterone synthesis
Ductal Systems
Vas deferens (sperm transport)
Spermatic cord
Urethra
Internal male reproductive organs
Accessory Glands
- Seminal vesicles
- Prostate gland
- Bulbourethral gland
Seminal Vesicles
semen is produced
Prostate Gland
alkaline prostatic fluid
Bulbourethral Gland
mucous like fluid that lubricates during sexual intercourse
Male sexual response
- Desire
- Excitement
- Plateau
- Orgasm
- Resolution
