A&P of Reproductive System

Question 1

What are the components of the female reproductive system?

Answer 1

Reproductive Cells: eggs or ova

Organ for development of the fetus: Uterus

Question 2

What are the components of the male reproductive system?

Answer 2

Reproductive Cells: sperm

Organ for deposit of the sperm: penis

Question 3

What are the external female reproductive organs called collectively?

Answer 3

the “Vulva”

Question 4

Vulva

Answer 4

• protects the urethra and vaginal openings

- highly sensitive to touch to increase female pleasure during intercourse

Question 5

Components of the Vulva

Answer 5

• Mons pubis
• Labia majora and minora
• Clitoris
• Vestibular Structures
• Perineum

Question 6

Mons Pubis

Answer 6

protects symphysis pubis during intercourse

Question 7

Labia Majora

Answer 7

contains sweat and sebaceous glands; protects the vaginal opening

Question 8

Labia Minora

Answer 8

highly vascular and abundant in nerve supply; lubricates the vulva and swells with stimulation

Question 9

Clitoris

Answer 9

small cylindrical mass of erectile tissue and nerves; function is sexual stimulation

Question 10

Prepuce

Answer 10

hood like covering over the clitoris, also site of female circumcision practiced in some cultures

Question 11

Vestibule

Answer 11

oval area enclosed by the labia minora laterally located inside the labia minora and outside the hymen

Question 12

What are the 4 openings into the Vestibule?

Answer 12

• urethra from urinary bladder
• vagina (introitus)
• Bartholin gland
• Skene gland

Question 13

What is the half moon area behind the vaginal opening of the vestibule?

Answer 13

fourchette

Question 14

What glands secrete mucous to keep the vestibule openings moist?

Answer 14

Bartholin and Skene

Question 15

What are the internal Female reproductive organs?

Answer 15

Vagina
Uterus
Fallopian tubes
Ovaries

Question 16

Where is the perineum located?

Answer 16

between the vulva and the anus

Question 17

What are the 3 layers of the Uterine Wall from inner to outer?

Answer 17

• Endometrium
• Myometrium
• Perimetrium

Question 18

Endometrium

Answer 18

• inner most layer of the uterine wall

- lines the uterine cavity in nonpregnant women

Question 19

Myometrium

Answer 19

• muscular middle layer
• makes up major portion of the uterus
• composed of smooth muscle linked by connective tissue

Question 20

Perimetrium

Answer 20

• outer serosal layer of the uterus

- covers the body of the uterus

Question 21

What are the 4 regions of the uterus?

Answer 21

• Fundus
• Corpus
• Isthmus
• Cervix

Question 22

What are accessory organs specialized for milk secretion after pregnancy?

Answer 22

Breasts

Question 23

Breasts consist of?

Answer 23

Nipples
Areolas
Lobes
Alveolar and Lactiferous glands

Question 24

Female Sexual Response

Answer 24

• Sexual stimulation leads to vasocongestion
• Vaginal expansion and elongation
• Secretion of mucous by vestibular glands
• Estrogen and testosterone release
• Orgasm
• Rapid dissipation of vasocongestion and muscle contraction

Question 25

Estrogen

Answer 25

female hormone; preservation of vascular function

Question 26

What hormone creates sexual desire in women?

Answer 26

testosterone

Question 27

Menstruation

Answer 27

Expulsion of inner uterine lining occurring monthly | -marks the beginning and end of each menstrual cycle

Question 28

Menarche

Answer 28

establishment of menstruation in females | -FIRST period

Question 29

Menopause

Answer 29

naturally occurring cessation of regular menstrual cycles

Question 30

How long can a menstrual cycle last and what is the average?

Answer 30

21-36 days ; the average is 28 days

Question 31

Ovarian Cycle 3 Phases

Answer 31

THE EGG - Follicular phase - Ovulation - Luteal Phase

Question 32

Follicular Phase

Answer 32

Day 1 through ovulation, approximately days 10-14 | -pituitary gland releases FSH and LH hormone

Question 33

Ovulation

Answer 33

Day 14 of a 28 day cycle Drop in estrogen Time to get pregnant

Question 34

Luteal Phase

Answer 34

Day 15 through 28 | Begins at ovulation and lasts until the menstrual phase of the next cycle

Question 35

Four phases of the Endometrial Cycle

Answer 35

- Proliferative phase - Secretory phase - Ischemic phase - Menstrual phase

Question 36

The Proliferative phase of the endometrial cycle corresponds to what phase of the ovarian cycle?

Answer 36

Follicular phase

Question 37

Proliferative phase

Answer 37

- Increase in estrogen - Cervical mucous becomes thin, clear, stretchy and more alkaline making it favorable for sperm - Starts about day 5 of the menstrual cycle and lasts until ovulation

Question 38

Secretory Phase

Answer 38

- Begins at ovulation 3 days before the next menstrual period - Release of progesterone

Question 39

Ischemic Phase

Answer 39

- Sharp drop in estrogen and progesterone levels | - Beginning of menstrual flow

Question 40

Menstrual Phase

Answer 40

- Spiral arteries rupture secondary to ischemia releasing blood into the uterus - Endometrial lining sheds - Beginning of menstrual flow marks the end of one cycle and the beginning of another

Question 41

What are the menstrual cycle hormones?

Answer 41

``` Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) Luteinizing hormone (LH) Estrogen Progesterone Prostaglandins ```

Question 42

What are the external male reproductive organs?

Answer 42

Penis | Scrotum

Question 43

Penis

Answer 43

Organ of copulation | Outlet for urine and sperm

Question 44

Scrotum

Answer 44

Sac surrounding and protecting testes | Climate control system for testes

Question 45

What are the internal male reproductive organs?

Answer 45

Testes | Ductal System

Question 46

Testes

Answer 46

Sperm production | Testosterone synthesis

Question 47

Ductal Systems

Answer 47

Vas deferens (sperm transport) Spermatic cord Urethra

Question 48

Internal male reproductive organs

Answer 48

Accessory Glands - Seminal vesicles - Prostate gland - Bulbourethral gland

Question 49

Seminal Vesicles

Answer 49

semen is produced

Question 50

Prostate Gland

Answer 50

alkaline prostatic fluid

Question 51

Bulbourethral Gland

Answer 51

mucous like fluid that lubricates during sexual intercourse

Question 52

Male sexual response

Answer 52

- Desire - Excitement - Plateau - Orgasm - Resolution