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NU314 OB > A&P of Reproductive System > Flashcards

A&P of Reproductive System Flashcards

1
Q

What are the components of the female reproductive system?

A

Reproductive Cells: eggs or ova

Organ for development of the fetus: Uterus

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2
Q

What are the components of the male reproductive system?

A

Reproductive Cells: sperm

Organ for deposit of the sperm: penis

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3
Q

What are the external female reproductive organs called collectively?

A

the “Vulva”

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4
Q

Vulva

A
  • protects the urethra and vaginal openings

- highly sensitive to touch to increase female pleasure during intercourse

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5
Q

Components of the Vulva

A
  • Mons pubis
  • Labia majora and minora
  • Clitoris
  • Vestibular Structures
  • Perineum
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6
Q

Mons Pubis

A

protects symphysis pubis during intercourse

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7
Q

Labia Majora

A

contains sweat and sebaceous glands; protects the vaginal opening

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8
Q

Labia Minora

A

highly vascular and abundant in nerve supply; lubricates the vulva and swells with stimulation

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9
Q

Clitoris

A

small cylindrical mass of erectile tissue and nerves; function is sexual stimulation

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10
Q

Prepuce

A

hood like covering over the clitoris, also site of female circumcision practiced in some cultures

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11
Q

Vestibule

A

oval area enclosed by the labia minora laterally located inside the labia minora and outside the hymen

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12
Q

What are the 4 openings into the Vestibule?

A
  • urethra from urinary bladder
  • vagina (introitus)
  • Bartholin gland
  • Skene gland
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13
Q

What is the half moon area behind the vaginal opening of the vestibule?

A

fourchette

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14
Q

What glands secrete mucous to keep the vestibule openings moist?

A

Bartholin and Skene

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15
Q

What are the internal Female reproductive organs?

A

Vagina
Uterus
Fallopian tubes
Ovaries

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16
Q

Where is the perineum located?

A

between the vulva and the anus

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17
Q

What are the 3 layers of the Uterine Wall from inner to outer?

A
  • Endometrium
  • Myometrium
  • Perimetrium
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18
Q

Endometrium

A
  • inner most layer of the uterine wall

- lines the uterine cavity in nonpregnant women

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19
Q

Myometrium

A
  • muscular middle layer
  • makes up major portion of the uterus
  • composed of smooth muscle linked by connective tissue
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20
Q

Perimetrium

A
  • outer serosal layer of the uterus

- covers the body of the uterus

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21
Q

What are the 4 regions of the uterus?

A
  • Fundus
  • Corpus
  • Isthmus
  • Cervix
22
Q

What are accessory organs specialized for milk secretion after pregnancy?

A

Breasts

23
Q

Breasts consist of?

A

Nipples
Areolas
Lobes
Alveolar and Lactiferous glands

24
Q

Female Sexual Response

A
  • Sexual stimulation leads to vasocongestion
  • Vaginal expansion and elongation
  • Secretion of mucous by vestibular glands
  • Estrogen and testosterone release
  • Orgasm
  • Rapid dissipation of vasocongestion and muscle contraction
25
Q

Estrogen

A

female hormone; preservation of vascular function

26
Q

What hormone creates sexual desire in women?

A

testosterone

27
Q

Menstruation

A

Expulsion of inner uterine lining occurring monthly

-marks the beginning and end of each menstrual cycle

28
Q

Menarche

A

establishment of menstruation in females

-FIRST period

29
Q

Menopause

A

naturally occurring cessation of regular menstrual cycles

30
Q

How long can a menstrual cycle last and what is the average?

A

21-36 days ; the average is 28 days

31
Q

Ovarian Cycle 3 Phases

A

THE EGG

  • Follicular phase
  • Ovulation
  • Luteal Phase
32
Q

Follicular Phase

A

Day 1 through ovulation, approximately days 10-14

-pituitary gland releases FSH and LH hormone

33
Q

Ovulation

A

Day 14 of a 28 day cycle
Drop in estrogen
Time to get pregnant

34
Q

Luteal Phase

A

Day 15 through 28

Begins at ovulation and lasts until the menstrual phase of the next cycle

35
Q

Four phases of the Endometrial Cycle

A
  • Proliferative phase
  • Secretory phase
  • Ischemic phase
  • Menstrual phase
36
Q

The Proliferative phase of the endometrial cycle corresponds to what phase of the ovarian cycle?

A

Follicular phase

37
Q

Proliferative phase

A
  • Increase in estrogen
  • Cervical mucous becomes thin, clear, stretchy and more alkaline making it favorable for sperm
  • Starts about day 5 of the menstrual cycle and lasts until ovulation
38
Q

Secretory Phase

A
  • Begins at ovulation 3 days before the next menstrual period
  • Release of progesterone
39
Q

Ischemic Phase

A
  • Sharp drop in estrogen and progesterone levels

- Beginning of menstrual flow

40
Q

Menstrual Phase

A
  • Spiral arteries rupture secondary to ischemia releasing blood into the uterus
  • Endometrial lining sheds
  • Beginning of menstrual flow marks the end of one cycle and the beginning of another
41
Q

What are the menstrual cycle hormones?

A 
Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)
Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
Luteinizing hormone (LH)
Estrogen
Progesterone 
Prostaglandins
42
Q

What are the external male reproductive organs?

A

Penis

Scrotum

43
Q

Penis

A

Organ of copulation

Outlet for urine and sperm

44
Q

Scrotum

A

Sac surrounding and protecting testes

Climate control system for testes

45
Q

What are the internal male reproductive organs?

A

Testes

Ductal System

46
Q

Testes

A

Sperm production

Testosterone synthesis

47
Q

Ductal Systems

A

Vas deferens (sperm transport)
Spermatic cord
Urethra

48
Q

Internal male reproductive organs

A

Accessory Glands

  • Seminal vesicles
  • Prostate gland
  • Bulbourethral gland
49
Q

Seminal Vesicles

A

semen is produced

50
Q

Prostate Gland

A

alkaline prostatic fluid

51
Q

Bulbourethral Gland

A

mucous like fluid that lubricates during sexual intercourse

52
Q

Male sexual response

A
  • Desire
  • Excitement
  • Plateau
  • Orgasm
  • Resolution

NU314 OB (21 decks)

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