STH 243 Maintenance & Care of The Home

Question 1

Maint & Care of the Home Involves the use of

Answer 1

cleaning equip & tools, agents & mat., care of diff part &surfaces of the home

Question 2

Cleaning equip & tools are

Answer 2

Mech. Tools: broom, brush, bucket, mop
Electric equip : vacuum cleaner, electric floor polisher

Question 3

Cleaning agents include

Answer 3

Solvents
Detergent
Abrasive, Alkali & Acid
Bleach
Polish
Wax
Enzyme cleaners

Question 4

Solvents are

Answer 4

substances that act to remove dirt/soil by liquefying it & holding it in suspension eg water & grease solvents

Question 5

Water is

Answer 5

Most common solvents.
Loosens/dissolve dust particles readily.

Question 6

Grease solvents are

Answer 6

organic solvents eg spirit, benzene, turpentine, paraffin
Act by dissolving grease, evaporating it & carrying it along with them.
Are highly inflammable

Question 7

Soap & Syn det. :

Answer 7

Emulsify grease & washes way dirt held.
Syn det. dissolve oil & greasy dirt readily & doesn’t form scum in hard water

Question 8

Abrasives are

Answer 8

Abr. cleaners act by rubbing off/wearing away/ abrading dirt/soil by friction.
Eg steel,wool, copper sponges, glass &sand paper etc
Soap, alkali & bleaches are added to scouring powder to increase it’s cleaning power

Question 9

Alkali :

Answer 9

Combines readily with greasy diet & reduce the amount of time needed for rubbing off dirt
May damage mat. with an oil base eg paint & linoleum
Can affect dyes & colours also

Question 10

Utilities are

Answer 10

things that are useful for carrying out imp. operations in the home and contribute to survival of the family.

They are consumed in the process of home mgt & include: Water, electricity, household fuel & Info. Comm. Tech such as Telephone Services.

They are exp.& the family has to prepare for them

Question 11

Sources of Water

Answer 11

Natural & Treated water

Question 12

Natural Sources of Water

Answer 12

Rain, Spring, Well,River & Lake water & Sea water

Question 13

Treated water

Answer 13

Pipe-borne water

Bottled water manufacturing plants

Question 14

User of Water in the Home

Answer 14

Bathing
Drinking
Cleaning
Cooking
Ironing
Laundering
Washing Up
Toilet
Dry Season gardening
In case of Fires

Question 15

Explain the water filter

Answer 15

Can be made of Al/ porcelain

Upper compartment- where unfiltered water is poured

Candle porous structure - filters d watet, attached to d upper compartment.

Lower compartment- filler water runs into.

Filter lid/cover.

Question 16

Water Storage Facilities

Answer 16

Clay Water Pot

Plastic Water Container

Bottles

Water Tank

Question 17

Points to consider in choosing w. storage facilities

Answer 17

Size of the family
Space for it
Money available
Should be washable, rust free, have a good lid cover, not leak, inside & outside of d facility should be clean with a smooth surface.

Question 18

Clean and care of the water pot

Answer 18

Clay pot is been used for ages, keeps water cool , can be in different shape & sizes. Can also be painted.

Care

• Provide a suitable stand & lid for it.
• Reserve a clean stout piece of Nigerian sponge for cleaning the pot.
• Wash it twice a week, with the inside & outside. Don’t need a sponge
• Can be sterilized by putting it on open fire for 15-30 mins after scrubbing.

Question 19

Water tank & Care

Answer 19

Very large. Up to 50 - 100 liters. Used to be Al or made with other metals coated with Al.

Now, there is plastic tanks. Coated with anti rusting chemicals, the inside do not need to be painted.

CARE
• Have a good kid/cover, Tao and stand.
• Not placed directly on the ground.
• Washed thoroughly at least twice a year.
• Inside should be painted at least once a year.

Question 20

Explain hardness of water

Answer 20

Hard water does not form lather readily with soap due to a no of dissolved salts of Ca & Mg and other variety of metal.

Hard water forms scum with soap

Question 21

Temporary hardness of water is caused by:

Answer 21

Bicarbonates of calcium and magnesium.

Ca(HCO3)2& Mg(HCO3)2

Question 22

Electricity can be generated thru:

Answer 22

Chemical changes

Solar, Heat Energy

Large Scale generators

Question 23

Wet Cell Battery & Dry Cell Battery is

Answer 23

E.g Car Battery.

Consist of metal plates coated with oxide of lead dipped into a container of sulphuric acid.

Dry Cell Battery eg Torch light/flash light.
Consult of zinc containers filled with a damp paste of AlCl & MgO2, surrounds a carbon rod

Question 24

How does large scale gen produces electricity?

Answer 24

By movement of insulated coils of wire in a magnetic field produced by agents.

This process converts mech. eng to electrical eng.

Question 25

How Electricity is produced in Nigeria & Transferred to Homes

Answer 25

In gen. stations, turbines driven by water power, move magnets in & out of coils. In Nigeria, large generator is needed to produce large scale of electricity. Transformer converts this electric voltage/pressure to the correct value insub stations and homes.

Question 26

How Electricity flows from Gen. to a House

Answer 26

Some houses have gen. to supply them with electricity perm. or when there is power failure. Electricity is connected to a house after it has been wired with electricity cable/flex • This cable has three set of wires; each enclosed in a coloured plastic covering & then bound into a rubber together, which is an insulated cover. • Each of them have diff. functions & can be diff. from the color of their cover. - Green & yellow bound cable is the earth, earth device to prevent electric shocks - Brown colored cable is the the live - Blue colored cable is the neutral. • Electricity flows along the brown & blue cable, btw the gen. & appliance and back again.

Question 27

AC electricity

Answer 27

is one that d current rapidly reverses its direction of flow many times in a second

Question 28

Electricity is

Answer 28

the flow of electric power or charge. It is Botha basic part of nature & one of the mostly widely used forms of energy. Is an important form of energy & it provides us with light, heat and power. Examples of electrically operated appliances.

Question 29

An electric circuit is the

Answer 29

path of flow of electricity / e. current from the +ve to - ve terminal/ends of an electric supply system Consist of: • source of electricity • Switch, causes el. to flow through d circuit • Bulb, manifest the flow of electricity by lighting up

Question 30

Current is the

Answer 30

rate of flow of electric charge round a circuit. It is merely d flow of moving charges/electrons

Question 31

P.d is

Answer 31

the work done when unit charge (C) moves form one point to another in d circuit. Is kind of electric pressure diff btw 2 points in a circuit. The unit of p.d is volt.

Question 32

Volt is the

Answer 32

unit of force (emf) that moves the electrons which flow from one point to the other in an electric circuit.

Question 33

One ohms is

Question 34

Resistance is a

Answer 34

measure of the opposition to the flow of electric current in an electric circuit.

Question 35

One ohms is

Answer 35

the electrical resistance offered by d resistor when a p.d of 1 volt makes a current of 1 amp flow through it.