Steroid Hormones

Question 1

List the steroid hormones

Answer 1

Glucocorticoids, mineralocorticoids, androgens, estrogens, progesterone and Vitamin D.

Question 2

Agonist

Answer 2

Blocks hormone, binds and activates receptor itself

Question 3

Antagonist

Answer 3

Blocks hormone or agonist by binding to receptor

Question 4

Nuclear Receptor

Answer 4

protein receptor with hormone with three binding sites—hormone binding site, trans-activator domain and DNA binding domain

Question 5

Genomic actions of steroid hormones

Answer 5

to change gene expression via binding to promoter regions of specific responsive genes

Question 6

Estrogen responsive element (ERE)

Answer 6

specific short DNA sequence representing nuclear binding site for estrogen receptor protein and hormone complex

Question 7

Selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs)

Answer 7

A characteristic that distinguishes these substances from pure receptor agonists and antagonists is that their action is different in various tissues, thereby granting the possibility to selectively inhibit or stimulate estrogen-like action in various tissues.

Question 8

Glucocorticoid

Answer 8

• Regulation of the metabolism of glucose
• Synthesized in the adrenal cortex, steroidal structure.
• Binds to the glucocorticoid receptor, a nuclear receptor.

Question 9

Androgen (testosterone)

Answer 9

male sex hormone which works through the testosterone nuclear receptor.

Question 10

What parts of the body produce steroid hormones?

Answer 10

Adrenal cortex and reproductive organs

Question 11

What is an example of a glucocorticoid?

Answer 11

Cortisol

Question 12

Are steroid hormones biologically active when they are bound or unbound in the blood?

Answer 12

Unbound

Question 12

What are most steroid hormones bound to when they circulate in the blood and why?

Answer 12

Plasma proteins because they are lipid like (hydrophobic). Binding protein is left outside the cell while steroid hormone diffuses thru cell membrane into a target cell.

Question 13

Nongenomic reponse

Answer 13

rapid

Question 14

Genomic response

Answer 14

takes longer

Question 15

Glucocorticoids are released when we have ____ blood sugars

Answer 15

low, they increase blood sugars

Question 16

Gluconeogenesis

Answer 16

Triggered by cortisol; Occurs in the liver, anabolic, stimulates the building of glucose from other molecules such as amino acids or FFAs

Question 17

Cortisol inhibits the formation of

Answer 17

skin and connective CT

Question 18

Glucocorticoids can cause?

Answer 18

Osteoporosis

Question 19

Glucocorticoids inhibit ____

Answer 19

inflammation and the immune response

Question 20

Estrogen Receptor

Answer 20

ER receptors have been associated with breast cancer and other tumors, control of bone growth, osteoporosis and in uncontrolled growth of the male skeleton

Question 21

Androgen insensitivity syndrome

Answer 21

mutations in the hormone binding region cause absence of hormone binding or qualitative/quantitative changes leading to testicular feminization or Reifenstein syndrome