Cell Signaling Vitamin D3 Flashcards

1
Q

Where do we get most of our vitamin D?

A

the sun and our diet

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2
Q

Children with vitamin D deficiency tend to have …

A

cavities

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3
Q

Which step of vitamin D3 synthesis does the sun catalyze?

A

Pro (7-dehydrocholesterol) to previtamin D3

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4
Q

What is the biologically active form of vitamin D3?

A

1,25(OH)2D3

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5
Q

What organ provides the majority of the circulating 1,25(OH)2D3?

A

kidney

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6
Q

Serum levels measure what vitamin D molecule?

A

25(OH)D3 because it is the main circulatory form

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7
Q

What protein usually binds thing in the blood?

A

Albumin

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8
Q

What is another name for 1,25(OH)2D3?

A

calcitriol

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9
Q

What is another name for vitamin D2?

A

Ergocalciferol

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10
Q

What is another name for vitamin D3?

A

cholecalciferol

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11
Q

Vitamin D2

A

Plant/fungi form; most commonly found in dietary supplements and fortified foods. Less absorbable, less potent, shorter acting.

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12
Q

Vitamin D receptor (VDR)

A
  • Transcription factor widely distributed in the body
  • Upon binding 1,25-(OH)2D3, VDR forms a heterodimeric complex with other nuclear hormone receptors, particularly the Retinoid-X-Receptor.
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13
Q

Vitamin D3 is modified by what organ before the kidney?

A

Liver

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14
Q

Vitamin D3 is required for proper ____ and ____ absorption needed to build strong bones and teeth.

A

calcium; phosphorus

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15
Q

Vitamin D metabolites are transported in the blood bound to?

A

Vitamin D binding protein and serum albumin

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16
Q

Vitamin D3 induces what in the gut?

A

Calcium absorption

17
Q

Calmodulin

A

Binding protein that helps calcium be absorbed into the body.

18
Q

Vitamin D Receptor affects:

A
  1. Genes regulating Ca transport (TRPV6)
  2. Genes needed to form bone
  3. RANKL/ osteoclast formation
  4. Antimicrobial peptides like defensins/cathelicidin
19
Q

Name an antimicrobial peptide that is vitamin D3 dependent

A

defensins and cathelicidin

20
Q

Rickets

A
  • Vitamin D/calcium/phosphate deficiency
  • Most common in countries that do not fortify their foods and have low exposure to sunlight
  • Prominence of the costochondrial junction, deformities of the back, bowing of the legs, parietal flattening, delayed eruption of the permeant dentition and enamel defects
21
Q

Type I rickets

A
  • Manifests by age 2, usually by 6mo
  • Low circulating 1,25(OH)2D3
  • Defect in 1-hydrolase
22
Q

Type II Rickets

A
  • Normal at birth, bone disease before age 2
  • Normal or high circulating levels of 1,25(OH)2D3
  • Due to mutations in VDR receptor
  • Alopecia
23
Q

Osteomalacia

A

Similar to rickets; Softening of the bones due to inadequate levels of calcium and phosphate which are most commonly due to vitamin D deficiency

24
Q

Vitamin D resistant rickets

A

caused by an inactivating mutation in the nuclear vitamin D receptor.

25
Plaque Psoriasis
Immune mediated disease affecting the skin with no cure however vitamin D3 can help control symptoms.
26
Parathyroid Hormone (PTH)
- Increases calcium levels and stimulates production of 1,25(OH)2D3 - Synthesized and secreted by chief cells of the parathyroid gland
27
Calcitonin
Decreases calcium levels
28
Cathelicidin
- Found in lysosomes of macrophages and polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs). - Serve a critical role in mammalian innate immune defense against invasive bacterial infection.
29
What foods are high in vitamin D3?
fish oil, milk
30
What regulates the expression of 1-hydroxylase?
PTH
31
What kind of receptor does vitamin D3 use to mediate its effects?
intracellular but some effects are thought to be mediated through membrane receptor
32
Vitamin D deficiency is associated with...
cancer, cardiovascular disease, hypertension, stroke, diabetes, multiple sclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease, osteoporosis, periodontal disease, macular degeneration, mental illness, propensity to fall, and chronic pain.
33
TRPV6
positively regulates intracellular calcium transport
34