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Biochemistry > Overview of Hemostatic Systems > Flashcards

Overview of Hemostatic Systems Flashcards

1
Q

Hemostatic System

A

Ancestral system designed to keep individuals from bleeding

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2
Q

Three main stages of Hemostasis

A
  1. Vasoconstriction of blood vessels
  2. Formation of platelet plug
  3. Blood clotting which reinforces the platelet plug with a fibrin mesh
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3
Q

What kind of nerves trigger reflexive contraction of vascular smooth muscle?

A

Sympathetic

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4
Q

Is serotonin a vasodilator or vasoconstrictor?

A

Its direct actions act as a vasoconstrictor however it can also indirectly act as a vasodilator when it stimulates nitric oxide release by endothelial cells

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5
Q

Endothelin-1

A

Vasoconstrictor released by endothelial cells. implicated in vascular disease of heart, lung, kidney, and brain.

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6
Q

Histamines

A

Causes vasodilation of vasculature and vasoconstriction of airways. Produced and released from basophils and mast cells during local immune responses.

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7
Q

Vasoconstrictors increase or decrease vascular tone?

A

Increase

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8
Q

Vasodilators increase or decrease vascular tone?

A

Decrease

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9
Q

Pluripotent hematopoietic stem cells

A

Located in bone marrow and can be differentiated into all of the different kinds of blood cells

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10
Q

Macrophages

A
  • Phagocytosis and antigen presentation
  • Present in almost all tissues and help induce inflammation
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11
Q

Neutrophils or PMNs

A
  • Most numerous phagocytic cells
  • Primary cells recruited to cites of acute inflammation
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12
Q

Histamine

A

Acts as a vasodilator to allow cells and proteins in to fight infection. Causes itching

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13
Q

What are thrombocytes?

A

Platelets

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14
Q

Type I Inflammation

A

Allergy and atrophy
- Allergic reactions
- Bee sting
- Allergic asthma

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15
Q

AKA, NSAIDs, Corticosteroids, Tylenol

A

Drugs that reduce inflammation

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16
Q

Prostacyclin or PGI2

A

Inhibits platelet activation and acts as a vasodilator. Produced by endothelial cells

17
Q

From what cells are platelets derived?

A

Megakaryocytes

18
Q

Molecules that generally have short half lives which limits their range of action severely

A

Prostaglandins which include prostacyclin (vasodilator) and Thromboxane A2 (vasoconstrictor)

19
Q

Type II Inflammation

A

Antibody dependent
- Rh incompatibility
- Blood transfusion

20
Q

Type III Inflammation

A

Involves soluble immune complexes of antibody and antigen
- Complexes spread to joints/kidneys
- Cause tissue damage

21
Q

Type IV Inflammation

A

Delayed type hypersensitivity
- Important mechanism to protect against intracellular pathogens

Biochemistry (10 decks)

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