Stereotypes 3

Question 1

What is Stereotype Threat?

Answer 1

Performance decrements/fear experienced by a person when they feel they may act in a way that confirms Sts

Question 2

Why might STs cause personal self-fulfilling prophecies?

Answer 2

We perform more poorly because of our knowledge about the ST

Question 3

What are the three pieces of evidence in support of Stereotype Threat?

Answer 3

1) Black v White on intellectual test
2) Women v men on maths test
3) IAT

Question 4

What did Steele and Aronson find in their study of race and stereotype threat?

Answer 4

Black pps performed worse than white when refs made towards race/ability
Equal performance when no reference made

Question 5

What did Spencer, Steele & Quinn find in their study of gender and stereotype threat?

Answer 5

Women - worse performance on maths test when told it reveals gender diffs

Question 6

What does IAT stand for?

Answer 6

Implicit Association Test

Question 7

What is the IAT commonly used to measure?

Answer 7

Racial attitudes

Question 8

What are two negative things Stereotype Threat can lead to?

Answer 8

1) Impairment in cognitive processing

2) Stress/affective responses

Question 9

What are two real-world areas known to be affected by ST threat?

Answer 9

1) Stem

2) Academia

Question 10

What are three ways ST threat could be reduced?

Answer 10

a) affirming + characteristics about group
b) removal of ST cues
c) acknowledgement that ST threat exists/influence performance

Question 11

Miyake found that men ______ compared to women in STEM test scores

Answer 11

Outperformed

Question 12

How did Miyake find ST threat could be alleviated in STEM test scores?

Answer 12

Values affirmation

Question 13

What did Miyake’s (core reading) study test?

Answer 13

Effectiveness of psychological intervention (values affirmation) in reducing gender achievement gap

Question 14

Do White American psychology undergrads experience stereotype threat in relation to concern about appearing racist?

Answer 14

(Higher IAT = greater pro-white bias)

Explicit threat - highest IAT
No threat - lowest IAT

Question 15

Other than performance, what other effects does stereotype threat have?

Answer 15

Withdrawal from the stereotyped domain

Question 16

In one experiment women were exposed to gender stereotypic TV ads. What was the outcome?

Answer 16

Reported less interest in pursuing quantitative skills careers after exposure

Question 17

Does stereotype threat reduce women’s ability to learn mathematical concepts and rules?

Answer 17

Yes - females under ST threat showed attenuated learning of maths rules

Question 18

What are two types of interventions used to reduce stereotype threat? (R&R)

Answer 18

Reframing and reappraisal

Question 19

Stereotype threat effects are reduced when anxiety is presented as …….. rather than harmful to performance

Answer 19

Helpful

Question 20

Two techniques used to reduce stereotype threat

Answer 20

1) R & R

2) De-emphasis of threatened social domain

Question 21

How can a threatened social domain be de-emphasised?

Answer 21

Ppts given opportunity to list +/- attributes descriptive of their personal rather than social identity

Question 22

Why will ST threat lead to cognitive impairment?

Answer 22

Attempts to suppress ST’s

Increased vigilance towards surroundings