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Social Psychology > View of self and others > Flashcards

View of self and others Flashcards

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1
Q

What are internal working models?

A

Templates based on a history of experiences

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2
Q

What are schemas?

A

A cognitive framework which organises categories of information

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3
Q

Attachment security is ______ associated with self esteem, and ____________ associated with anxiety (Mikulincer & Shaver)

A

Positive

Negative

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4
Q

What did Rosenberg find, regarding associations with attachment anxiety and self esteem?

A

A negative correlation in 49 countries

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5
Q

What is defensive self-enhancement?

A

The act of an individual making them feel good about themselves

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6
Q

Which attachment style is MOST likely to engage in defensive self enhancement?

A

Avoidant

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7
Q

What is defensive self enhancement associated with?

A

Poor self clarity =
Inflated positive self views
Suppression of negative info about selves

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8
Q

When are avoidant individuals most likely to partake in defensive self enhancement?

A

When they are under threat (Mikulincer)

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9
Q

What did Mikulincer find to serve as threat for avoidant individuals?

A

A cognitive task with pretend feedback

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10
Q

What kind of traits do avoidant individuals endorse about themselves?

A

More positive traits
Less negative traits
(After feedback (Mikulincer))

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11
Q

What kind of traits do anxious individuals endorse about themselves?

A

More negative traits after failure

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12
Q

What kind of traits do secure individuals endorse about themselves?

A

More Pos/Neg overall

No difference before/after failure

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13
Q

What is a bogus pipeline condition?

A

A fake polygraph test

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14
Q

What effect does the bogus pipeline condition have?

A

Gets pps to truthfully respond

Wipes out social desirability bias

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15
Q

What effect did a bogus pipeline condition have on avoidant individuals?

A

WIPED OUT overly positive trait responses

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16
Q

What does the bogus pipeline condition suggest about avoidant individuals?

A

Pretend to have high SE

Simply masking negative self views

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17
Q

Anxious individuals feel they have _____ control over their lives, whereas avoidant individuals feel they have ______ control over their lives

A

Little

Complete

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18
Q

In face perception studies, what was found regarding anxious individuals?

A

Fewer + traits seen in faces

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19
Q

In face perception studies, what was found regarding avoidant individuals?

A

More negative traits, i.e. unfriendly/unattractive

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20
Q

Which attachment style is the most altruistic?

A

Secure

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21
Q

In Collins & Feeney’s experiment, what kind of notes did the non speech-making partner copy out for their partner?

A

Either

a) clearly supportive
b) ambiguously supportive

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22
Q

What were insecure individuals likely to rate ambiguous notes as, in Collins & Feeneys experiment?

A

Less supportive
Rated their partners behaviour as less supportive overall
More upsetting

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23
Q

In Collins and Feeneys notes study, how were secure people likely to react?

A

Not vulnerable to less supportive notes

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24
Q

Baldwin et al. examined beliefs about partner supportiveness, using a lexical-decision taks/RT task…

A

Sentence with either attachment or non attachment context

Target string of letters depicted +/-/neutral partner behaviour words

25
Q

What were the findings from Baldwin’s lexical decision task?

A

SECURE ppts had shorter RTs to + words

INSECURE ppts had FASTER RTs to - words

26
Q

What do the findings from Baldwin’s lexical decision task demonstrate?

A

Secure individuals have ready mental access to positive expectations

27
Q

What are two styles/behaviours that explain sustaining self-related vulnerabilities?

A

a) Hopeless cognitive style

b) Patterns of feedback seeking

28
Q

What 5 things does the Hopeless Cognitive Style reinforce?

S, H, P, H, P

A

a) Self blame
b) Hopelessness
c) Passivity
d) Helplessness
e) Perceived lack of abilities needed to alter unpleasant experiences

29
Q

What is the Hopeless Cognitive Style a major risk factor for?

A

Depression

Interpersonal problems/failures

30
Q

Which attachment style is the Hopeless Cognitive Style majorly associated with?

A

Anxious

31
Q

What is the Self-Verification Hypothesis?

A

Individuals seek information that confirms an existing self concept

32
Q

How are self-related vulnerabilities sustained?

A

Self verification hypothesis

33
Q

Why might insecurely attached individuals prefer negative feedback from their partners (asked to imagine)?

A

Confirms negative views of self

34
Q

Brennan and Morris asked pps to imagine their romantic partner…

A

Being asked questions about them

35
Q

What does a dichotomy mean?

A

Two

36
Q

What are the four categories in Bartholomew & Horowitz’s model?

A

+ view of self
- view of self
+ view of others
- view of others

37
Q

Why is Bartholomew and Horowitz’s model overly simplistic?

A

It is possible to have mixed views of self and other

38
Q

Define the 2 sustaining self-related vulnerabilities that perpetuate unhelpful thinking in insecure attachment styles?

A

1) Hopeless Cognitive Style

2) Patterns of feedback seeking

39
Q

Avoidant individuals _____ ____ ______ in response to threat

A

Defensively self enhance

40
Q

What are avoidant people LESS LIKELY TO BELIEVE about other people?

A

That human beings are altruistic

41
Q

The Hopeless Cognitive style is defined as a self _____ ________ style.

A

Self defeating attributional style

42
Q

Anxious pps endorse more negative traits after feedback than after no feedback, and recall more negative traits overall. This shows…

A

Self defeatism

Helplessness

43
Q

Avoidant ppts endorse more POSITIVE traits after failure than after no feedback. This shows…

A

Self reliance

44
Q

The aim of Mukulincer’s study (false feedback task) was to establish whether…

A

Defensive self enhancement increases under threat

45
Q

Pietromonaco & Barrett found that anxious individuals daily self worthiness ratings were negative after ______ ______

A

Everyday interactions

46
Q

What tells us about a childs attachment pattern in Ainsworth’s strange situation?

A

How the child behaves upon reunion

47
Q

What underpins an individuals attachment style?

A

Internal working model

48
Q

____________________ indicates that a person has been forced … to cope with life’s difficulties without adequate mental representations of attachment security, and … [they] struggle to maintain a sense of self- worth …

A

Defensive self enhancement

49
Q

Positive self view is like sticking a plaster

^ What is this referring to?

A

Defensive self enhancement

50
Q

Avoidant individuals after pretend feedback endorsed more positive traits and less negative traits. What does this illustrate?

A

Self reliance

51
Q

Secure individuals after pretend feedback endorsed ______________, but no difference between failure

A

More positive and negative

52
Q

Why do unhelpful ways of thinking about the self tend to persevere in insecure attachment styles?

A

Insecure attachments = associated with vulnerabilities that sustain views/beliefs

53
Q

This attachment style believes others are generally well intentioned providers of protection, comfort and security.

A

Secure

54
Q

This attachment style believes others are difficult to understand and they have little control over their lives.

A

Anxious

55
Q

This attachment style struggles to believe that human beings are altruistic, and is willing to stand up for their beliefs. Full control over life.

A

Avoidant

56
Q

This attachment style/s struggles to accept others, and have doubts about others trustworthiness.

A

Insecure (avoidant AND anxious)

57
Q

This attachment style (surprisingly) provided positive descriptions of their parents…

A

Avoidant

58
Q

Why might views of parents change with age?

A

Idealize parents when young

Distance allows a different perspective

59
Q

Baldwin et al examined…

A

Access to beliefs about partners supportiveness

Social Psychology (9 decks)

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