Stem rust fungus

Question 1

stem rust fungus

Answer 1

the invading rust fungus has penetrated
deep inside the plant tissue as the
invasion progresses the fungus produces
spores the spores erupt from the surface
of the plant the spores spread creating
pustules new sites of infection soon the
plants stem and leaves are covered in
fungal growth carried by wind the fungal
spores can travel great distances
eventually reaching other potential
hosts this spore must now find the
nutrients it requires to grow sending
out the germ tube it seeks an entry
point into the plant a newly formed
penetration tube breaks inside the stem
and the fungus extends further into the
plant once inside the stem another
structure called the historian is used
to penetrate inside one of the plant
cells the fungus can now take nutrients
from within the plant
it also begins to secrete small protein
molecules called effectors this is a
critical time for the plant if it can
detect the fungal effector proteins it
can try to stop the invasion the plant
has specialized resistance proteins
which act like an immune system the
resistance proteins can bind to the
fungal effector proteins this binding
event alerts the plant that an infection
is taking place now that the parasite is
detected the infected cells are
sacrificed cutting off the energy supply
to the invader the fungus will
eventually starve and the plant can
continue to grow
new strains of fungi are constantly
developing through evolution this can
make some plants vulnerable to infection
diseases like rust fungus have plagued