definition

Question 1

Independent assortment

Answer 1

there are various combinations of maternal and paternal chromosome arrangement

Question 2

Polyploidy

Answer 2

changes to whole sets of chromosomes- three or more sets of chromosomes rather than just two.
Result should be haploid gametes without mutation
Haploid + haploid → diploid

Question 3

Non- disjunction

Answer 3

Chromosomes fail to separate properly/ sister chromatids fail to separate.

Diploid + haploid → triploid

Question 4

Aneuploidy

Answer 4

change one individual chromosome

Question 5

polysomy

Answer 5

One extra chromosome (more than 2 chromosomes in each cell)

Question 6

monosomy

Answer 6

One less chromosome (less than 2 chromosomes in each cell)

Question 7

turner syndrome

Answer 7

affecting women they have one less X chromosome can result in females having more masculine physical body this could mean they have underdeveloped ovaries

Question 8

Kleinfelter syndrome

Answer 8

one extra chromosome on the X sex chromosome can result in men having a more feminine physical body eg they may develop breasts

Question 9

Translocation

Answer 9

where parts of chromosomes break off and reattaches to another completely different chromosome can be balanced or unbalanced

Question 10

Deletion

Answer 10

a section of a chromosome is removed, resulting in a loss of a large number of genes.

Question 11

Inversion

Answer 11

• a part of a chromosome flips its orientation.

Question 12

How does meiosis lead to genetic variation

Answer 12

Crossing over by homologous chromosomes
Independent assortment- how chromosomes line up during metaphase

Question 13

down syndrome

Answer 13

a random error in cell division that results in the presence of an extra copy of chromosome 21. The type of error is called nondisjunction.