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PBOT MT > STEM n LEAVES > Flashcards

STEM n LEAVES Flashcards

1
Q

Generally expanded and flattened green structure growing out at the nodes of the stem

A

LEAVES

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2
Q

Main organ of the for photosynthesis

A

LEAVES

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3
Q

Parts of dicot leaf

A
  1. Petiole or leaf stalk
  2. Lamina or leaf blade
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4
Q

Cylindrical or flattened structure which supports and holds the leaf upright

A

PETIOLE OR LEAF STALK

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5
Q

Conducts materials to and from the leaves

A

PETIOLE OR LEAF STALK

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6
Q

Small, leaf-like outgrowths at the base of petiole is called

A

STIPULES

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7
Q

Leaves without petioles is called

A

SESSILE LEAVES

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8
Q

Thin, flattened, usually green expanded part of the leaf

A

LAMINA OR LEAF BLADE

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9
Q

Shapes of a dicot leaf

A
  1. Linear - long and slender
  2. Cordate - heart-shaped
  3. Ovate - egg-shaped
  4. Deltoid - triangular
  5. Reinform - kidney-shaped
  6. Cuneate - wedge-like
  7. Flabellate - fan-like
  8. Orbicular - disk-like
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10
Q

Apex of a dicot leaf

A
  1. Pointed
  2. Emarginate - notched
  3. Rounded - arch-like
  4. Caudate - tail-like
  5. Flattened
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11
Q

Margin of a dicot leaf

A
  1. Entire
  2. Dentate - tooted and serrated
  3. Lobed
  4. Scalloped
  5. Cleft
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12
Q

Base of a dicot leaf

A
  1. Sagitate - arrow-shaped
  2. Auriculate - ear lobed-shaped
  3. Peltate - petiole is attached at undersurface
  4. Rounded - arch-like
  5. Truncate - flattened
  6. Cordate - heart-shaped
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13
Q

Parts of monocot leaf

A
  1. Leaf sheath
  2. Leaf blade
  3. Ligules
  4. Auricles
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14
Q

The support of the leaf which may completely envelope the stem of a small flap of delicate
tissue extending upward called the ligule.

A

LEAF SHEATH

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15
Q

Thin expanded portion above the sheath

A

LEAF BLADE

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16
Q

Are membranous or hairy tissues located at the junction of the leaf blade and leaf sheath

A

LIGULES

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17
Q

Are slender extensions of the collar and are located at the junction of the leaf blade and leaf sheath.

A

AURICLES

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18
Q

Variation in leaf structure

A
  1. Leaf blade configuration
  2. Venation
  3. Phyllotaxy
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19
Q

The blade consists of only one
piece

A

SIMPLE LEAF

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20
Q

Another type of leaf blade configuration

A

Compound leaf

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21
Q

The blade is divided into two segments called

A

LEAFLETS OR PINNAE

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22
Q

The stalk of each leaflet is called

A

PETIOLULE

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23
Q

Two types of compound leaf

A
  1. Pinnately compound leaf
  2. Palmately compound leaf
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24
Q

The leaflets are attached to the extension of the petiole called rachis

A

PINNATELY COMPOUND LEAF

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25
Q

The leaflets are attached to the extension of the petiole called ___

A

RACHIS

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26
Q

The leaflets radiate from the upper end or tip of the leafstalk

A

PALMATELY COMPOUND LEAF

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27
Q

It is the arrangement of veins

A

Venation

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28
Q

Two types of venation

A
  1. Netted or reticulate venation
  2. Parallel venation
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29
Q

Veins branch profusely and form a network over the blade; found in dicots

A

Netted or reticulate venation

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30
Q

Veins do not form a network;
found in monocots

A

Parallel venation

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31
Q

Veins and their branches spread out in all directions from the midrib, the continuation of petiole

A

Pinnately netted

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32
Q

Several midribs arise from the tip of the petiole and spread fan-like through the blade

A

Palmately netted

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33
Q

Several midribs arise from the tip of the petiole like the ribs or spokes of an umbrella and then breaks up into smaller veins; found in leaves where petiole is more or less at the center of
the blade

A

Radiately netted

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34
Q

Three types of netted or reticulate venation

A
  1. Pinnately netted
  2. Palmately netted
  3. Radiately netted
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35
Q

Two types of parallel venation

A
  1. Parallel venation with veins parallel to the midrib
  2. Parallel venation with veins at acute or right angles to the midrib
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36
Q

The system of leaf arrangement on the stem

A

Phyllotaxy

37
Q

Two types of phyllotaxy

A
  1. Whorled (verticillate)
  2. Fasciculate
38
Q

A leaf arrangement where three or more leaves located at around the node

A

Whorled (verticillate)

39
Q

A leaf arrangement where two or more leaves are located only on one side of the node

A

Fasciculate

40
Q

Types of position in leaf orientation

A
  1. Dorsiventral or bifacial leaves
  2. Isobilateral or equifacial leaves
41
Q

A position of leaf where leaves are horizontally oriented and the upper or ad-axial surface receiving direct sunlight

A

Dorsiventral or bifacial leaves

42
Q

A position of leaves where leaves are vertically oriented and the two surfaces are receiving direct sunlight

A

Isobilateral or equifacial

43
Q

Functions of the leaves

A
  1. Photosynthesis
  2. Transpiration
44
Q

Types of modified leaves

A
  1. Spine
  2. Motile leaves
  3. Succulent leaves
  4. Tendrils
  5. Supporting leaf bases “pseudotrunk”
  6. Insect traps
  7. Adventitious buds
  8. Attraction of pollinators
  9. Aeration
  10. Photosynthesis
45
Q

No blade and needle-shaped, no mesophyll, no vascular tissue, has closely packed fibers in mesophyll

A

Spines

46
Q

Display “thigmonasty” sensitivity to touch, for protection

A

Motile leaves

47
Q

A tropic response to touch

A

Thigmotropic response

48
Q

Thick and fleshy, reduced surface-volume-ratio; with water storage parenchyma; Crassulaceae, kataka taka

A

Succulent leaves

49
Q

Sensing contact with other objects, no lamina, support; side facing the object stop growing, otherside elongate— coil

A

Tendrils

50
Q

For support

A

Supporting leaf bases “pseudotrunk”

51
Q

Digest insects and obtain nitrogen for their amino acid

A

Insect traps

52
Q

Produce plantlets

A

Adventitious buds

53
Q

Colored leaves for attraction

A

Attraction of pollinators

54
Q

Floats – aerenchymatous leaf base for buoyancy,
support
Water hyacinth – aerenchymatous enlarged leaf base

A

Aeration

55
Q

Two types of aeration

A
  1. Floats – aerenchymatous leaf base for buoyancy,
    support
  2. Water hyacinth – aerenchymatous enlarged leaf base
56
Q

Expanded leaf-like petiole or stipule – added
photosynthesis

A

Photosynthesis

57
Q

Economic importance of leaves

A
  1. Food source
  2. Fiber source
  3. Tea leaves
  4. Tobacco leaves
  5. Some drugs obtained from leaves
  6. Used as flavoring
58
Q

Types of stem

A
  1. Shoot
  2. Twig
  3. Branch
  4. Trunk
59
Q

Are plant organs which are continuations of the roots usually located above the surface of the soil

A

STEM

60
Q

A young stem (1 year old or less) with leaves

A

SHOOT

61
Q

A young stem (1 year old or
less) that is in the dormant winter stage (has no
leaves).

A

TWIG

62
Q

A stem that is more than
1 year old, typically with
lateral stems radiating from it

A

BRANCH

63
Q

A woody plant’s main stem.

A

TRUNK

64
Q

The stem with its leaves is called a _____ and all the stems and
leaves of a plant constitutes its
_____.

A

Shoot, shoot system

65
Q

Stems originate from the _____ and partly from the _____ of the embryo.

A

Epicotyl, hypocotyl

66
Q

Classifications of stems (DIAGRAM)

A

DIAGRAM

67
Q

Two types of stem classification based on toughness

A
  1. Woody stem
  2. Herbaceous stem
68
Q

What do you call the stems that are woody only at the base

A

Suffrutescent stems

69
Q

External structures

A
  1. Nodes
  2. Internodes
  3. Leaf scar
  4. Bundle scars
  5. Lenticels
  6. Buds
70
Q

Swollen areas where leaves, branches and buds arise

A

Nodes

71
Q

Portion between two nodes

A

Internodes

72
Q

Mark left on the stem by a
fallen leaf

A

Leaf scar

73
Q

Cut ends of the vascular bundles within each leaf scar

A

Bundle scars

74
Q

Raised pores seen on dicot stems

A

Lenticels

75
Q

Undeveloped structures which may grow into leaves, shoots, or
flowers

A

Buds

76
Q

Types of buds based on location and position of the stem

A
  1. Terminal or apical bud - at the end of the stem
  2. Lateral or axillary bud - at the upper angle
  3. Accessory or supernumery buds - beside and above the axillary buds
  4. Adventitious buds - on other parts of the plants such as leaves, roots or internodes
77
Q

Two classification of stems based on location

A
  1. Aerial stems (Epiterranean stems)
  2. Underground stems
78
Q

What do you call the stem where the leaf stalk formed the lateral or axillary bud

A

Leaf axil

79
Q

Two types of aerial stems

A
  1. Runners (stolon)
  2. Tendrils (scramblers)
80
Q

Fleshy or semiwoody, elongated, horizontal stems that often lie along the soil surface

A

Runners (stolon)

81
Q

These are thread like structure
which help the plants in
climbing

A

Tendrils (scramblers)

82
Q

Types of underground stems

A
  1. Rhizomes
  2. Tubers
  3. Bulbs
  4. Corm
83
Q

Underground, horizontal stem which may be swollen due
to the presence of stored food

A

Rhizomes

84
Q

Short, swollen, terminal portions of an underground stems with the stored food

A

TUBERS

85
Q

Very small piece of the stem
tissue surrounded by numerous
fleshy leaves

A

Bulbs

86
Q

Globose, underground stem
with thin, papery leaves on its surface

A

Corm

87
Q

Modified or specialized functions of stems:

A
  1. Unusual method of support
  2. Photosynthesis
  3. Uncutinized epidermis
  4. Reproduction
  5. Storage
  6. Protection
88
Q

Stems that are found in both monocot and dicot plants

A

Herbaceous stems

89
Q

Stems that are found only in dicot plants

A

Woody stems

PBOT MT (6 decks)

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