PBOT POST LAB Flashcards
It is a collection of similar cells performing an organized function for the plant
PLANT TISSUES
Two types of plant tissues
- MERISTEMATIC TISSUE
- PERMANENT TISSUE
A group of cells that perform or help to perform a common function and have a common origin in plants
PLANT TISSUES
Types of meristematic tissues
- APICAL MERISTEM
- LATERAL MERISTEM
- INTERCALARY MERISTEM
Meristematic plant tissue that is involved in length
APICAL MERISTEM
Meristematic plant tissue involved in the diameter of plant
LATERAL MERISTEM
Meristematic plant tissue involved in the rapid growth of young stem
INTERCALARY MERISTEM
Types of permanent plant tissues
- DERMAL TISSUES
- GROUND TISSUES
- VASCULAR TISSUES
Acts as protection, gas control, and water absorption
DERMAL TISSUES
Has different function based on cell type
GROUND TISSUES
It transport water and nutrients
VASCULAR TISSUES
Types of dermal tissues
- EPIDERMAL (protection, absorbs water and minerals)
- STOMATA (GUARD CELLS) (gas exchange)
- TRICHOMES (reduce transpiration)
Types of ground tissues
- PARENCHYMA (aids in photosynthesis, storage in the roots)
- COLLENCHYMA (shoot support (active))
- SCLERENCHYMA (shoot support (ceased))
Types of vascular tissues
- XYLEM (transport water and nutrients)
- PHLOEM (transport organic compounds)
Simple permanent tissues
- EPIDERMIS
- PARENCHYMA
- COLLENCHYMA
- SCLERENCHYMA
- CORK
- SECRETORY TISSUES
Tissues that are concerned with the secretion of gums, resins, volatile oils, nectar latex, and other substances in plants
SECRETORY TISSUES
Characterized by cells that are THICK-WALLED CELLS
SCHLERENCHYMA
Types of sclerenchyma
- SCLEREIDS
- FIBERS
It serves as the outermost covering of old stems and old roots of woody dicot plants
CORK
Type of cork
SUBERIN
These are the most abundant of all the cell types found in almost all major parts of higher plants
PARENCHYMA
Types of parenchyma
- AERENCHYMA
- CHLORENCHYMA
This is the OUTERMOST LAYER of cells found in all young plant organs
EPIDERMIS
These are elongated cells with irregularly THICK CELL WALLS that provide support and structure
COLLENCHYMA
Complex permanent tissues
- XYLEM
- PHLOEM
Types of xylem complex permanent tissues
- XYLEM FIBERS
- XYLEM PARENCHYMA
- VESSELS
- TRACHEIDS
These are long tubes made up of individual cells that are open at each end and are joined end to end to form the tubes
VESSELS
More or less elongated cells with oblique and tapering end walls
TRACHEIDS
They are angular in cross-section and are dead at maturity
TRACHEIDS
These are smaller in size than ordinary parenchyma cells
XYELM PARENCHYMA
Similar in appearance to ordinary sclerenchyma fibers
XYLEM FIBERS
Tracheids and vessel elements make up the so-called ______ of the xylem
TRACHEARY ELEMENTS
Tracheary elements of the xylem
- SPIRAL
- SCALIFORM
- PITTED TYPE
- RETICULATE
- ANNULAR
Helical or spiral appearance
SPIRAL
With rounded depressions or pore-like structures called pits
PITTED TYPE
Thickenings appear webbed or net-like
RETICULATE
Thickening appear ladder-like
SCALIFORM
Cell wall thickenings in ring like forms
ANNULAR
Types of phloem complex permanent tissues
- COMPANION CELLS
- PHLOEM FIBERS
- PHLOEM PARENCHYMA
- SIEVE TUBE ELEMENTS
Elongated cells joined end to end, forming sieve tubes
SIEVE TUBE ELEMENTS
Look like ordinary parenchyma cells
PHLOEM PARENCHYMA
Small, nucleated parenchymatous cells that are usually associated with some sieve tubes
COMPANION CELLS
Look like ordinary sclerenchyma fibers
PHLOEM FIBERS
What do you call the small pores found on the end walls or cross walled of the sieve tube
SIEVE PLATES
The loss of water from plants in the form of water vapor
TRANSPIRATION
Percentage of the amount of water vapor may escape from the leaves through transpiration
90%
They are very diverse in appearance and function in stress resistance, including excessive light or temperature, and insect and pathogen defense
TRICHOMES
They are usually shaped as hair-like structures, but can also appear as scales, buds or papillae and range from very small unicellular to very big multicellular structures
TRICHOMES
Types of trichomes
- GLANDULAR
- BRANCHED
- STELLATE
- STINGING
- SCALE
Type of trichome which primarily used by plant as defense against herbivore animals
STELLATE
Type of trichome which primarily used by plants as protection from harsh environment
SCALE
Type of trichome which inject substances that cause pain or irritation
STINGING
Type of trichome which primarily used by plants as protection from insects and microbes
GLANDULAR
Type of trichome which reduce evaporation by protecting the plant from wind and heat
BRANCHED
They often perform functions other than support and absorption
ROOTS
Types of roots based on origin
- PRIMARY ROOT
- SECONDARY ROOT
- TERTIARY ROOT
- ADVENTITIOUS ROOT
Types of root system
- TAP ROOT SYSTEM
- FIBROUS OR DIFFUSE ROOT SYSTEM
Type of root system where it consists of several main roots that branch to form a dense mass of intermeshed lateral roots
FIBROUS OR DIFFUSE ROOT SYSTEM
Type of root system where it consists of one main stem which arises lateral roots
TAP ROOT SYSTEM
Are located close to the surface and have a dense network of roots
FIBROUS OR DIFFUSE ROOT SYSTEM
Root histology
- EPIDERMIS
- CORTEX
- PERICYCLE
- STELE
Can divide fast at certain points to give way to the lateral or branch root
PERICYLCE
The endodermis selectively absorbs the nutrients from the soil solution
CORTEX
The vascular tissues consisting of xylem and phloem
STELE
The chief structure for the absorption of water and minerals
EPIDERMIS
Forms of roots
- FIBROUS
- NODOSE
- MONOLIFORM
- CONICAL
- FUSIFORM
- NAPIFORM
- FASCICLED
Form of root when the fleshy root is widest at the base and tapering at the apex
CONICAL
Example of conical
CARROT
Form of root which the roots are fibrous but with small swellings at interval
NODOSE
Example of nodose
KINCHAY
Form of root which are slender or fiber-like
FIBROUS
Example of fibrous
CORN
Form of root which have swellings at close intervals
MONOLIFORM
Example of monoliform
IPECAC
Form of root which the diameter is widest at the middle and narrows at both ends
FUSIFORM
Example of fusiform
RADISH
Form of root which are globular and become abruptly slender
NAPIFORM
Example of napiform
CAMOTE
Form of root which the fleshy roots grow in a bundle or close cluster
FASCICLED
Example of fascicled
DAHLIA
Roots that grow into the air and are filled with a specialized parenchyma called aerenchyma
PNEUMATOPHORES
What specialized parenchyma pneumatophores has?
AERENCHYMA
Root adaptation
- BULBOUS ROOTS
- AERIAL ROOTS and PROP ROOTS
- TAP ROOT
- EPIPHYTIC ROOTS
Root adaptation which store starch
BULBOUS ROOTS
Root adaptation which enable a plant to grow on another plant
EPIPHYTIC ROOTS
Root adaptation such as carrots, turnips, and beets, are adapted for food storage
TAP ROOTS
Root adaptation which are two forms of above-ground roots that provide additional support to anchor the plant
AERIAL ROOTS and PROP ROOTS
Specialized function of roots
- SUPPORT
- STORAGE
- PHOTOSYNTHESIS
- NITROGEN FIXATION
- AERATION
Aerial roots arising from main stem which penetrates the ground
BRACE ROOTS
Examples of brace roots
- FIVE FINGERS
- RUBBER TREE
Plant-like extensions from the lower part of the stem
BUTTRESSES
Example of buttresses
GIANT TREES
Aerial roots arising from the branches which penetrates the ground
PROP ROOTS
Examples of prop roots
- PANDAN
- CORN
Green aerial roots
PHOTOSYNTHESIS
Example of photosynthesis
ORCHIDS
Enlarged, fleshy, or succulent roots
FOOD STORAGE
Examples of food storage
RADISH, SWEET POTATO, TURNIPS, UBE AND BEETS
With pneumatophores or roots with spongy tissues protruding from the surface of soil
AERATION
Examples of aeration
MANGROVE
Formation of root nodules containing bacteria in their cells
NITROGEN FIXATION
Examples of nitrogen fixation
SOYBEANS,PEANUTS, SITAW, BATAW, PATANI
Development of adventitious buds
REPRODUCTION
Example of reproduction
PURPLE YAM
External morphology of the stem
- NODE
- INTERNODE
- BUD (terminal bud, axillary bud)
- STIPULES
- LEAF SCAR
- BUNDLE SCARS
- LENTICELS
It occurs in the angle between the petiole and the stem
BUD
Types of bud
- TERMINAL BUD
- AXILLARY BUD
Bud located in the axil
AXILLARY BUD
Bud often present at the tip of each twig
TERMINAL BUD
The area or region where leaves are attached
NODE
The dark spots or elevation that allow gas exchange in the stem
LENTICELS
The area or region between nodes
INTERNODES
Mark the location of the water-conducting tissues located within the leaf scars
BUNDLE SCARS
Paired leaf-like appendages at the base of petiole
STIPULES
Scar left by a fallen leaf
LEAF SCAR
Specialized stems
- RHIZOME
- TUBERS
- BULBS
- CORM
Large bulbs with a small stem at the lower end surrounded by several fleshy leaves
BULBS
An underground stem which is short, stout, solid, and more or less rounded in shape
CORM
A horizontal stem which grows near the surface of the soil
RHIZOME
Enlarged ends of special underground branches
TUBERS
Sub-aerial stem modifications
- RUNNER
- STOLON
- OFFSET
- SUCKER
- TENDRILS
- SPINES and THORNS
- CLADOPHYLLS
- PHYLLOCLADE
A slender prostate branch with long or short internodes, creeping on the ground and rooting at the nodes
RUNNERS
A lateral branch developing from the underground part of the stem
SUCKER
It originates in the axil of a leaf as a short, more or less thickened horizontal branch
OFFSET
A slender branch originating from an underground stem and growing horizontally outwards
STOLON
Some stems may be modifies into hard, straight, pointed structures
SPINES AND THORNS
Thin, leafless, spirally curved branch by which climbers attach themselves to other objects
TENDRILS
Stem are flattened and leaf like in appearance
CLADOPHYLL
Stems are flattened, stout and fleshy and are modifies for water and food storage
PHYLLOCLADE
Functions of stems
- MECHANICAL SUPPORT FOR LEAVES AND OTHER PLANT ORGANS
- CONDUCT WATER, MINERAL SALTS, AND MANUFACTURED FOOD
- PRODUCES NEW LIVING TISSUES
