ROOTS

Question 1

Are cylindrical structures which are usually located beneath the surface of the soil through which materials move from the soil
to various part of the plant

Answer 1

Roots

Question 2

What are the types of roots based on origin?

Answer 2

Primary root, secondary roots, tertiary roots, adventitious roots

Question 3

Two types of roots system

Answer 3

Fibrous or diffuse system, tap root system

Question 4

Root anatomy

Answer 4

Regions of the root from the tip to the root hair zone, cross sectional region

Question 5

Functions of the roots

Answer 5

Support, food storage, photosynthesis, protection, nitrogen fixation, aeration

Question 6

The first root formed which is
the extension of the embryonic
root or radicle which is the
growing tip of the hypocotyl

Answer 6

Primary root

Question 7

Roots arising from the primary root

Answer 7

Secondary roots

Question 8

Roots arising from the secondary roots whose branches are called rootlets

Answer 8

Tertiary roots

Question 9

Roots which arise from the plant structures other than roots

Answer 9

Adventitious roots

Question 10

Two types of adventitious roots

Answer 10

Brace root, prop root

Question 11

Roots which arise from the main trunk stem

Answer 11

Brace root

Question 12

Roots which arise from the lateral branches of the main stem

Answer 12

Prop root

Question 13

Scientific name of corn

Answer 13

Zea mays

Question 14

Consists of several main roots that branch to form a dense mass of intermeshed lateral roots

Answer 14

Fibrous or diffuse root system

Question 15

Consists of one main stem which arises lateral roots

Answer 15

Tap root system

Question 16

A thimble-shaped region that protects the growing tip of the root

Answer 16

Root cap region

Question 17

Contains the apical meristem where the cells are actively dividing and where the primary meristems are formed

Answer 17

Meristematic or Embryonic region

Question 18

What are the primary meristems that are formed in the apical meristem?

Answer 18

Procambium, ground meristem, protoderm

Question 19

Two parts of root cap

Answer 19

Peripheral, columella

Question 20

Cells increase in length which results in the growth or increase in the length of the roots

Answer 20

Region of elongation / region of cell enlargement

Question 21

In this region, cells have already attained their final structural characteristics

Answer 21

Region of maturation / Region of cell differentiation

Question 22

In dicots, region of maturation or region of cell differentiation is subdivided into:

Answer 22

Root-hair zone, zone of primary permanent tissue, zone of secondary tissues

Question 23

In monocots, region of maturation or region of cell differentiation is subdivided into:

Answer 23

Root-hair zone, zone of primary permanent tissue

There are no secondary tissues
present because monocots,
generally, do not have cambia
where secondary tissues are
derived.

Question 24

It is usually a single layer of
cells derived from the protoderm which covers and protects the inner root

Answer 24

Epidermis or outer region / dermal region

Question 25

It is the region derived from the ground meristem

Answer 25

Cortex or middle region

Question 26

Cortex or middle region is composed of:

Answer 26

Outer collenchyma, middle parenchyma, inner endodermis

Question 27

This types of cross sectional region consists of pericycle, primary xylem, primary phloem, vascular cambium

Answer 27

Stele or vascular cylinder

Question 28

One of the functions of the roots which involved pneumatophores

Answer 28

Aeration

Question 29

Scientific name of mangrove

Answer 29

Rhizophora spp

Question 30

The formation of root nodules containing bacteria in their cells

Answer 30

Nitrogen fixation

Question 31

Scientific name of Peanut

Answer 31

Arachis hypogaea

Question 32

Presence of spines

Answer 32

Protection

Question 33

What is the scientific name of a round-leaf orchid?

Answer 33

Amerorchis rotundifolia

Question 34

Example of plants which has brace roots

Answer 34

Rubber tree, five fingers

Question 35

Example of plants which has prop roots

Answer 35

Corn, pandan

Question 36

Example of plants which has clinging roots

Answer 36

Creeping ivy

Question 37

Example of plants which specialized food storage

Answer 37

Radish, sweet potato, turnips, carrots

Question 38

It is where all the cells are derives from the apical
meristem

Answer 38

Zone of primary permanent tissue

Question 39

It is where tissues derives from the cambia either replace or are added to the primary tissue

Answer 39

Zone of secondary tissues

Question 40

Characteristics of tap root system

Answer 40

• Consists of one main stem which arises lateral roots
• derived from radicle
  (embryonic root)
• Anchorage
• In dicot and gymnosperm
• Secondary growth
• Fleshy taproot –carrots,
  beets, radish
• Lateral roots ( swollen) –
  sweet potato, cassava

Question 41

Characteristics of fibrous or diffuse root system

Answer 41

• Consists of several main roots that branch to form a
  dense mass of intermeshed lateral roots
• Produced After the death of radicle
• Source: Root primordia (at base of
  radicle)
• Delicate and hair-like
• Absorption
• No prominent enlarged primary
  root
• In monocot

Question 42

It catalyzes the growth of the plant

Answer 42

Growth regulator / Plant hormones

Question 43

Types of plant hormones

Answer 43

Auxin, gibberellins (gibberellic acid), abscisic acid (dormin), ethylene, cytokinin (kinetin)

Question 44

Development of root without prior fertilization

Answer 44

Parthenocarpy

Question 45

Difference between dicot and monocot

Answer 45

Dicot; has cambia, monocot; has no cambia