Stem cells Flashcards
What are the three different views of the stem cell concept?
- Single-cell asymmetry
- Population asymmetry
- Adult stem cell lineage
Define the concept of single cell asymmetry
Outdated model
asymmetric division results in one stem cell, one committed cell
Define the concept of population asymmetry
two populations of stem cells exist: one pop. creates committed cells, one population creates new stem cells
Define adult stem cell lineage
Multipotent > Committed stem cell > progenitor (transit amplifying cell)
all these step are reversible
What are the two major sources of pluripotent stem cells?
- Cells from the ICM of a blastocyst stage embryo
2. Primordial germ cells from the spine of a fetus
What are iPS cells
A type of pluripotent stem cell acquired by reversibly inducing somatic adult cells
What is OSKM
The mammalian gene combinations required for production of iPS cells
What are the four components of OSKM?
Oct 3/4, Sox 2, Myc, Klf4
Briefly describe Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer
Way of creating genetically identical cells needed for a particular patient.
- you take nucleus from somatic cell and placed in an oocyte. Stem cells are taken from the ICM later in development, and then cultured toward the formation of needed cell type
What are the three types of stem cell sources?
- Embryonic stem cells
- Adult stem cells
- Induced pluripotent stem cells
What are niches?
Parts of the adult organism where stem cells are maintained in vivo for repair purposes
What are hub cells?
Cells that maintain stem cells in the testes of drosophila
What are paneth cells?
Cells that maintain the undifferentiated state of stem cells in gut microvillia
What are transit amplifying (progenitor) cells?
Stem cells basically committed to certain pathway of differentiation, produce multiple cells of that differentiation type
What about elasticity of basal matrix and cell differentiation?
The harder the matrix, the harder the cell type the stem cells sitting in or on it will become.
