Stem Cells

Question 1

What class of stem cells are embryonic stem cells? And where can they be found?

Answer 1

Pluripotent, inner cell mass, and they can be induced from adult tissues.

Question 2

What class of stem cells are adult stem cells and where can they be found?

Answer 2

Multipotent, mature organs ( bone marrow)

Question 3

Where is blood made and how does it get into circulation?

Answer 3

Stroma- make and secretes hematopoietic growth factors

Parenchyma- differentiation of cells

Sinusoids- passageway for new RBCs to get to arterials and venuels.

Question 4

What is a normal myeloid/erythroid ratio and what are the abnormal ratios and what do they mean?

Answer 4

3: 1 is normal
8: 1- leukemia
1: 5- polycythemia

Question 5

What is a hematopoietic stem cell and what class of stem cells is it?

Answer 5

A stem cell committed to making either myeloid cells or lymphoid cells.

Question 6

What class of cells are myeloid and lymphoid cells?

Answer 6

Multipotent

Question 7

What types of cells does the myeloid cell make?

Answer 7

Everything except lymphocytes- erythrocytes, basophils, neutrophils, eosinophils, platelets.

Question 8

What type of cells do lymphoid cells make?

Answer 8

B-cells and T-cells

Question 9

Classify leukocytes (white blood cells)

Answer 9

Granular- neutrophils, basophils, eosinophils

Agranular- monocyte and lymphocytes

Question 10

State the series of Granulocyte-Macrophage CFU and give its growth factor.

Answer 10

Monoblast (can divide)
Promonocyte
Monocyte ( found in circulation)
Macrophage or osteoclast

Growth factor= M-CSF

Myeloblast (can divide) 
Promyelocyte "
Myelocyte "
Metamyelocyte
Band Cell (found in circulation)
Neutrophil

Growth factor- G-CSF

Question 11

Give the series for basophil and eosinophil and the growth factor.

Answer 11

Myeloblast (can divide)
Promyelocyte "
Myelocyte "
Metamyelocyte
Band cell ( found in circulation)
Basophil or eosinophil 

Basophil growth factor- SFC

Question 12

Give the series and growth factor a megakaryocyte.

Answer 12

Megakaryoblast
Megakaryocyte
Platelets (found in circulation)

Growth factor- thrombopoeitin

Question 13

Give the series and growth factor for erythrocytes.

Answer 13

Proerythroblast (can divide) 
Basophilic erythroblast "
Polychromatic erythroblast "
Orthochromatic erythroblast
Reticulocyte (found in circulation)
Erythrocyte "

Growth factor= erythropoietin made by the kidneys.

Question 14

What are the 3 types of hematopoietic growth factors?

Answer 14

1- colony stimulating
GM-CSF- used to help with chemo

2- thrombopoietin and erythropoietin

3- cytokines
positive and negative effects on the cell

Question 15

What are the 3 classes of stem cells?

Answer 15

Totipotent- can give rise to embryonic and xe structures.

Pluripotent- can give rise to only embryonic structures

Multipotent- can give rise to different cell types of given lineage (adult stem cells)