Blood Components Flashcards
What are the components of a RBC?
ATP, lipids, carbonic anhydrase, and hemoglobin.
What are the important peripheral proteins on RBCs?
Spectrin- (Calcium binding) which is bound to glycophorin via actin ankyrin tropomyosin, and protein 4.1
It also binds to band 3 via ankyrin.
What determines a RBCs shape?
The cortical (outer layer) cytoskeleton *spectrin plays a large role.
What is the role of a neutrophil and how can you identify one?
Phagocytes
Secretes enzymes that destroy bacteria.
Primary granules (azurophilic)- secrete superoxide kills bacteria by creating free radicals.
Secondary- secrete lysosomes and lactoferrin which destroys bacteria walls.
You can identify a neutrophil by the nuclei lobes connected by strands
What is the role of the basophil and how can you identify one?
Basophil is active during inflammatory responses (allergies)
- contains serotonin, heparin and kallikrein
- you can identify because it has a bi lobed nucleus covered by granules- which are basophilic-stains dark blue.
What is the function of an eosinophil and how can you identify it?
They respond to allergies and parasitic infection.
Granules- major basic protein (mbp)- disrupts parasite membranes and causes basophils to release histamine.
Peroxidase- binds to microorganism and facilitates their killing by macrophages.
Cationic protein-neutralizes heparin and with mbp it dismantles parasites.
You can identify them by their bi lobed nucleus.
What is a hematocrit?
Percentage of RBC composition within the blood
What are lymphocytes? And how can you identify them?
Either B-cells or T-cells
- They are very large with a very large nucleus
What is a monocyte and how can you identify it?
Precursor of macrophage or osteoclast
It has a kidney shaped nucleus and granular cytoplasm.
What is the function of platelets?
They’re not real cells
Form a plug to promote clotting via integrins
Release thromboxane
What is hemostasis?
Process of stopping the bleeding
Trace the steps for the intrinsic pathway of blood clot formation.
Exposed collagen-
factor 12 activated-
factor 12 activates kallikrein-
factor 12 + thrombin factor 2 activates factor 11
Factor 11 activates factor 9
Factor 9 + calcium + factor 8 (activated by thrombin factor 2) = activate factor 10
What is fibrinolysis? And what are the players involved?
The removal of a blood clot. t-PA which activates plasminogen to plasmin. Together t-PA and plasmin dissolve the clot.
Trace the extrinsic pathway.
Tissue injury
Thromboplastin activated
Thromboplastin activates factor 7
Factor 7 + thromboplastin+ calcium activates factor 10
Trace the common pathway
Factor 10 + factor 5 + Ca= activates Factor 2 thrombin
Factor 2 thrombin + Ca activates factor 1 fibrin
Factor 2 thrombin + Ca activates factor 13
Factor 13+ factor 1 fibrin activates cross linked fibrin.
Trace the path of selectins and integrins in extravasation.
Cytokines are released
NO is released
Leukocytes slow down and selectins and integrins come into play.
What is the role of a selectin in extravasation?
Sialyl Lewis-X antigens bind to P-selectin on leukocytes via CRDS.
Binding causes leukocytes to roll along endothelium.
What is the role of integrins in extravasation?
Integrin receptors on the leukocyte bind with endothelial tissues which initiates their migration into the tissues.
Describe erythroblastosis fetalis
During the first pregnancy, An Rh- mother with a Rh + baby will make IgM antibodies against the baby that can’t cross the placenta. IgG is the second response for the second baby which can cross the placenta. Anti-D is given to mom so that her antibodies won’t attack the baby.
