Blood Components Flashcards
What are the components of a RBC?
ATP, lipids, carbonic anhydrase, and hemoglobin.
What are the important peripheral proteins on RBCs?
Spectrin- (Calcium binding) which is bound to glycophorin via actin ankyrin tropomyosin, and protein 4.1
It also binds to band 3 via ankyrin.
What determines a RBCs shape?
The cortical (outer layer) cytoskeleton *spectrin plays a large role.
What is the role of a neutrophil and how can you identify one?
Phagocytes
Secretes enzymes that destroy bacteria.
Primary granules (azurophilic)- secrete superoxide kills bacteria by creating free radicals.
Secondary- secrete lysosomes and lactoferrin which destroys bacteria walls.
You can identify a neutrophil by the nuclei lobes connected by strands
What is the role of the basophil and how can you identify one?
Basophil is active during inflammatory responses (allergies)
- contains serotonin, heparin and kallikrein
- you can identify because it has a bi lobed nucleus covered by granules- which are basophilic-stains dark blue.
What is the function of an eosinophil and how can you identify it?
They respond to allergies and parasitic infection.
Granules- major basic protein (mbp)- disrupts parasite membranes and causes basophils to release histamine.
Peroxidase- binds to microorganism and facilitates their killing by macrophages.
Cationic protein-neutralizes heparin and with mbp it dismantles parasites.
You can identify them by their bi lobed nucleus.
What is a hematocrit?
Percentage of RBC composition within the blood
What are lymphocytes? And how can you identify them?
Either B-cells or T-cells
- They are very large with a very large nucleus
What is a monocyte and how can you identify it?
Precursor of macrophage or osteoclast
It has a kidney shaped nucleus and granular cytoplasm.
What is the function of platelets?
They’re not real cells
Form a plug to promote clotting via integrins
Release thromboxane
What is hemostasis?
Process of stopping the bleeding
Trace the steps for the intrinsic pathway of blood clot formation.
Exposed collagen-
factor 12 activated-
factor 12 activates kallikrein-
factor 12 + thrombin factor 2 activates factor 11
Factor 11 activates factor 9
Factor 9 + calcium + factor 8 (activated by thrombin factor 2) = activate factor 10
What is fibrinolysis? And what are the players involved?
The removal of a blood clot. t-PA which activates plasminogen to plasmin. Together t-PA and plasmin dissolve the clot.
Trace the extrinsic pathway.
Tissue injury
Thromboplastin activated
Thromboplastin activates factor 7
Factor 7 + thromboplastin+ calcium activates factor 10
Trace the common pathway
Factor 10 + factor 5 + Ca= activates Factor 2 thrombin
Factor 2 thrombin + Ca activates factor 1 fibrin
Factor 2 thrombin + Ca activates factor 13
Factor 13+ factor 1 fibrin activates cross linked fibrin.
