stem cell and regenerative medicine Flashcards

1
Q

what is the potential use of stem cells

A

use of embryonic or adult stem cells could revolutionise treatment of both genetic and non genetic diseases

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2
Q

do all cells have genetic equivalence

A

yes

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3
Q

what happens to these genes as they begin to differentiate

A

some genes are turned off

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4
Q

is differentiation irreversible

A

no

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5
Q

how do we know differentiation is not irreviserible

A

plants can go on to produce different specialised cells in carrots

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6
Q

in plants cells remain …

A

totipotent

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7
Q

what does totipotent mean

A

ability to create all parts of the mature organism

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8
Q

what are totipotent cells commonly used in

A

agriculture

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9
Q

in animals, differentiated cells —– to divide in culture

A

fail

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10
Q

as cells develops what happens to the potency

A

gets less and less

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11
Q

what two developments in late 90’s could allow new therapeutic approaches

A

dolly the sheep

solution of human embryonic stem cells

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12
Q

when was dolly born

A

1996

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13
Q

dolly was the first mama to be cloned from

A

adult somatic cell

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14
Q

what did the cloning of dolly prove

A

all cells of an individual share a common genetic blueprint

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15
Q

dolly is an example of what cloning

A

reproductive

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16
Q

many animals experience —

A

health problems

17
Q

what is another approach to regenerative medicine

A

therapeutic cloning using stem cells

18
Q

what is a stem cell

A

relatively undifferentiated cell
reproduce its self indefinitely
can differentiate into specialised cells of one or more types given appropriate conditions

19
Q

what is a trophoblast

A

layer of cell that surrounds the blastocyst

20
Q

what is a blastocoel

A

hollow cavity inside blastocyst

21
Q

what is the inner cell mass

A

group approx 30 cells at one end of blastocoel.

22
Q

what three stages does a blastocyst contain

A

trophoblast,
blastocoel
and inner cell mass