stem cell and regenerative medicine

Question 1

what is the potential use of stem cells

Answer 1

use of embryonic or adult stem cells could revolutionise treatment of both genetic and non genetic diseases

Question 2

do all cells have genetic equivalence

Answer 2

yes

Question 3

what happens to these genes as they begin to differentiate

Answer 3

some genes are turned off

Question 4

is differentiation irreversible

Answer 4

no

Question 5

how do we know differentiation is not irreviserible

Answer 5

plants can go on to produce different specialised cells in carrots

Question 6

in plants cells remain …

Answer 6

totipotent

Question 7

what does totipotent mean

Answer 7

ability to create all parts of the mature organism

Question 8

what are totipotent cells commonly used in

Answer 8

agriculture

Question 9

in animals, differentiated cells —– to divide in culture

Answer 9

fail

Question 10

as cells develops what happens to the potency

Answer 10

gets less and less

Question 11

what two developments in late 90’s could allow new therapeutic approaches

Answer 11

dolly the sheep

solution of human embryonic stem cells

Question 12

when was dolly born

Answer 12

1996

Question 13

dolly was the first mama to be cloned from

Answer 13

adult somatic cell

Question 14

what did the cloning of dolly prove

Answer 14

all cells of an individual share a common genetic blueprint

Question 15

dolly is an example of what cloning

Answer 15

reproductive

Question 16

many animals experience —

Answer 16

health problems

Question 17

what is another approach to regenerative medicine

Answer 17

therapeutic cloning using stem cells

Question 18

what is a stem cell

Answer 18

relatively undifferentiated cell
reproduce its self indefinitely
can differentiate into specialised cells of one or more types given appropriate conditions

Question 19

what is a trophoblast

Answer 19

layer of cell that surrounds the blastocyst

Question 20

what is a blastocoel

Answer 20

hollow cavity inside blastocyst

Question 21

what is the inner cell mass

Answer 21

group approx 30 cells at one end of blastocoel.

Question 22

what three stages does a blastocyst contain

Answer 22

trophoblast,
blastocoel
and inner cell mass