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biotechnology > biofuels > Flashcards

biofuels Flashcards

1
Q

global demand for fuel is

A

increasing

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2
Q

problems with traditional, non renewable sources of fuel include

A

declining reserves,
supply subject to distribution
rising cost
impact on climate change

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3
Q

conversion of biomass to fuel is done by

A

microorganisms

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4
Q

EU commission proposed what by 2020

A

target of 10% substitututuion of fuel to biofuel.

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5
Q

when did the EU commissions target become halved

A

september 2012

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6
Q

a study in 2014 determined what about carbon emission from producing biofuels from crops

A

is up to 60% higher than previously thought

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7
Q

name the three types of biofuel

A

Bioethanol
Biobutanol
biodiesel

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8
Q

sewage treatment plants generate?

A

own energy

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9
Q

Biogen Greenfinch is what

A

anaerobic digester food waste plant at Ludlow

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10
Q

BioGas is

A

anaerobic bacteria using waste material as biomass

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11
Q

Bioethanol is

A

the first generation biofuel

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12
Q

how is bioethanol produced

A

use of food crops as biomass such as sugar cane and corn with yeast

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13
Q

problems with bioethanol include

A

impact on environment: increase in green house gasses,
deforestation,
loss of land for food production
water quality due to excess N and P fertiliser use

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14
Q

why is there such a need for a second generation bioethanol

A

due to the problems with Bioethanol

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15
Q

what is the second generation bioethanol and how is it produced

A

using cellulosic biomass grown on marginal land rather than agricultural areas

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16
Q

second generation bioethanol has less production of what

A

green house gasses

17
Q

second bioethanol is not a ….

A

food crop

18
Q

what are the advantages of the bioconversion of lignocellulose to bioethanol

A

uses biomass from residues from other processes

agricultural residues - corn cobs and wheat straw.

Forestry residue - hardwood/softwood

specific energy crops such as switch grass or fast growing poplar

19
Q

name the three steps involved in coverting lignocellulose into single sugars

A

pre treatment :

Physical - chipping, grinding

Chemical - acid/alkali/organic solvent

Fungal enzymes - trichoderma

20
Q

single sugars from the lignocellulose is converted into a biofuel via

A

fermentation using yeast

21
Q

what are the disadvantages of bioconversion from lignocellulose to bioethanol

A

recalcitrance of wood matrix,
range of enzymes needed
inhibitory effect of lignin and its derivative on later stages of processing

22
Q

micro algae can be used to produce …

A

bioethanol

23
Q

micro algae have complex what in cell walls

A

carbohydrates

24
Q

how is micro algae converted into bioethanol

A

released and converted into simple sugars by pre treatment

25
Q

give an example of pre treatment from micro algae

A

3% sulphuric acid for 20 mins at 110 degrees

26
Q

how are the simple sugars converted into bioethanol

A

via Saccharomyces cerevisiae

27
Q

BioBUTANOL can be blended with

A

petrol and diesel

28
Q

BioBUTANOL has better what than ethanol

A

energy density and performance

29
Q

Biobutanol can be made from what in comparison to biodiesel

A

more sustainable feedstock

30
Q

what type of feed stock could be used to make BIOBUTANOL

A

cellulosic feed stock such as waste corn residues

municipal solid waste can also be used

31
Q

which enzyme is primarily involved in producion of BioBUTANOL

A

clostridium

32
Q

Biodiesel production reduced by —– in 2015 after doubling in the past 5 years

A

4.9%

33
Q

how is biodiesel currently produced

A

from vegetable oils

UK/ Europe uses oil seed rape

warmer climates use sunflower and palm oil

34
Q

all oils are too — to be used directly

A

viscous so need pre treatment

35
Q

micro algae have a higher production for which biofuel

A

BioDiesel

36
Q

microalage is grown in what for BIODIESEL

A

photobiocreactors

37
Q

micro algae is harvested by what in production of biodiesel

A

filtration

biotechnology (6 decks)

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