biofuels Flashcards
global demand for fuel is
increasing
problems with traditional, non renewable sources of fuel include
declining reserves,
supply subject to distribution
rising cost
impact on climate change
conversion of biomass to fuel is done by
microorganisms
EU commission proposed what by 2020
target of 10% substitututuion of fuel to biofuel.
when did the EU commissions target become halved
september 2012
a study in 2014 determined what about carbon emission from producing biofuels from crops
is up to 60% higher than previously thought
name the three types of biofuel
Bioethanol
Biobutanol
biodiesel
sewage treatment plants generate?
own energy
Biogen Greenfinch is what
anaerobic digester food waste plant at Ludlow
BioGas is
anaerobic bacteria using waste material as biomass
Bioethanol is
the first generation biofuel
how is bioethanol produced
use of food crops as biomass such as sugar cane and corn with yeast
problems with bioethanol include
impact on environment: increase in green house gasses,
deforestation,
loss of land for food production
water quality due to excess N and P fertiliser use
why is there such a need for a second generation bioethanol
due to the problems with Bioethanol
what is the second generation bioethanol and how is it produced
using cellulosic biomass grown on marginal land rather than agricultural areas
second generation bioethanol has less production of what
green house gasses
second bioethanol is not a ….
food crop
what are the advantages of the bioconversion of lignocellulose to bioethanol
uses biomass from residues from other processes
agricultural residues - corn cobs and wheat straw.
Forestry residue - hardwood/softwood
specific energy crops such as switch grass or fast growing poplar
name the three steps involved in coverting lignocellulose into single sugars
pre treatment :
Physical - chipping, grinding
Chemical - acid/alkali/organic solvent
Fungal enzymes - trichoderma
single sugars from the lignocellulose is converted into a biofuel via
fermentation using yeast
what are the disadvantages of bioconversion from lignocellulose to bioethanol
recalcitrance of wood matrix,
range of enzymes needed
inhibitory effect of lignin and its derivative on later stages of processing
micro algae can be used to produce …
bioethanol
micro algae have complex what in cell walls
carbohydrates
how is micro algae converted into bioethanol
released and converted into simple sugars by pre treatment
give an example of pre treatment from micro algae
3% sulphuric acid for 20 mins at 110 degrees
how are the simple sugars converted into bioethanol
via Saccharomyces cerevisiae
BioBUTANOL can be blended with
petrol and diesel
BioBUTANOL has better what than ethanol
energy density and performance
Biobutanol can be made from what in comparison to biodiesel
more sustainable feedstock
what type of feed stock could be used to make BIOBUTANOL
cellulosic feed stock such as waste corn residues
municipal solid waste can also be used
which enzyme is primarily involved in producion of BioBUTANOL
clostridium
Biodiesel production reduced by —– in 2015 after doubling in the past 5 years
4.9%
how is biodiesel currently produced
from vegetable oils
UK/ Europe uses oil seed rape
warmer climates use sunflower and palm oil
all oils are too — to be used directly
viscous so need pre treatment
micro algae have a higher production for which biofuel
BioDiesel
microalage is grown in what for BIODIESEL
photobiocreactors
micro algae is harvested by what in production of biodiesel
filtration
