Steel

Question 1

Which is stronger? Mild steel or cold-rolled steel?

Answer 1

Cold-rolled steel

Question 2

How is mild steel different from cold-rolled steel?

Answer 2

It is drawn out hot

Question 3

When is mild steel used?

Answer 3

Most structural steel components

Question 4

When is cold-rolled steel used?

Answer 4

Bridge cabling, cross bracing, cables for prestressing concrete & stud framing

Question 5

Which has more carbon? Cast iron or wrought iron?

Answer 5

Cast iron

Question 6

What effect does too much carbon have on steel?

Answer 6

Hard but brittle

Question 7

What effect does too little carbon have on steel?

Answer 7

Malleable but weaker

Question 8

What is the difference between a girder and a beam?

Answer 8

Girder is primary to a beam

Girders support beams

Question 9

How deep should a steel beam for 60’ be?

Answer 9

Beam depth is 1/20th of the span

So for 60’ = 3’

Question 10

How deep should a girder be?

Answer 10

Girder depth is 1/15th of the span

Question 11

How wide should a beam / girder be?

Answer 11

1/3 it’s depth

Question 12

How deep should open web steel be?

Answer 12

1/20th the span

Question 13

How deep should roofs and lightly loaded floors?

Answer 13

1/24th the span

Question 14

How deep should steel decking be?

Answer 14

1/24” the span with concrete topping

Question 15

How deep should a triangular steel truss be?

Answer 15

1/4 span

Question 16

How deep should a rectangular steel truss be?

Answer 16

1/8th span

Question 17

What is added to steel to make stainless steel?

Answer 17

Nickel and chromium

Question 18

What is a castellated beam?

Answer 18

When a beam is cut along the web and then re-welded back together

Question 19

What does W12 mean in a steel beam W12 x 120

Answer 19

12” deep

Question 20

What does 120 mean in a steel beam W12 x 120

Answer 20

120 lbs per linear foot

Question 21

What is a LH bar joist?

Answer 21

A long span bar joist, 96’

Question 22

What is a DLH bar joist?

Answer 22

A deep long span bar joist, 150’

Question 23

What is a K bar joist?

Answer 23

Most common, up to 60’

Question 24

What is a ‘slip-critical’ bolt type?

Answer 24

A bolt that is preloaded so friction resists movement

Question 25

What is a 'bearing-shear' bolt type?

Answer 25

Snug-fit and movement is assumed. This type is super tight and operates in tension.

Question 26

Why are washers used?

Answer 26

To prevent tearing or galling

Question 27

What is the difference between a shear connection and a moment connection?

Answer 27

Shear handles gravity Moment handles bending

Question 27

How can you tell if a connection is a moment connection?

Answer 27

The flanges and web are engaged.

Question 28

How can you tell if a connection is a shear connection?

Answer 28

Just the web is engaged. The flange is free.

Question 29

What can be used to strengthen a column is a beam bearing on it is too heavy?

Answer 29

Stiffener plates

Question 30

When are back-up bars used?

Answer 30

For welding

Question 31

How do you connect 2 columns together?

Answer 31

A column splice

Question 32

What is used to connect a steel column into the foundation?

Answer 32

A steel base plate

Question 33

When are dog bone cuts used and what are they for?

Answer 33

In seismic zones Controls where the deformation in a seismic event

Question 34

Is a complete moment resisting frame is too expensive, what can be used instead?

Answer 34

Braced frame

Question 35

When is an eccentrically braced frame used?

Answer 35

In seismic areas as it can resist lateral forces without buckling

Question 36

What is beam cambering?

Answer 36

Pre-curing something so that once loaded it is flat and better resists loads

Question 37

When does a steel element NOT need to be fire treated?

Answer 37

When it is only for lateral forces

Question 38

List the galvanic numbers from 1 to 9

Answer 38

ZAS IST PICS 1. Zinc 2. Aluminum 3. Steel 4. Iron 5. Stainless Steel (Active) 6. Tin 7. Lead 8. Copper 9. Stainless Steel (Passive)

Question 39

Is a galvanic number 1, anode or cathode?

Answer 39

Anode

Question 40

is a galvanic number 9, anode or cathode

Answer 40

Cathode

Question 41

Is anode or cathode more active?

Answer 41

Anode is more active Cathode is more inactive

Question 42

If a surface is anodic and the fastener is cathodic, is this an issue?

Answer 42

Not particularly

Question 43

If a surface is cathodic and the fastener is anodic, is this an issue?

Answer 43

Yes - the fastener will see more galvanic action and likely cause breakage