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ARE 5.0 > PPD > Flashcards

PPD Flashcards

1
Q

What configurations does a heat pump come in?

A

Air-air
Air-water
Water-water

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2
Q

What configuration of heat pump is most common in small buildings?

A

Air-air

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3
Q

What is a split-system?

A

A HVAC system with interior and exterior components

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4
Q

In a split system, where is the condenser located?

A

Outside

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5
Q

What is a primary attraction of heat pumps in heating mode?

A

Heat mode can deliver more energy than it consumes (as electricity)

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6
Q

What does the rating SEER express?

A

Btu/h removed for each watt of energy unit input, over the cooling season

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7
Q

What does a higher SEER number mean?

A

A more efficient heat pump

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8
Q

Where should air-air heat pump not be used and why?

A

Cold climates

If there is less heat in the air, the heat pump needs to use a back-up electric resistance heating unit. This ends the efficiency advantage.

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9
Q

What type of heat pump should be used in cold climates?

A

Water-air

Wells, solar-heated stoarge or water from the ground

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10
Q

What is a single automatic pushbutton control?

A

1 call at a time

Uninterrupted trip per each call

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11
Q

When is a single automatic pushbutton control used?

A

Single-family residence and light-use freight

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12
Q

What is collective control?

A

Cars stop at each floor registering a call irrespective of direction.

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13
Q

Why is collective control not used anymore?

A

Slow and annoying service as calls aren’t registered in response to direction.

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14
Q

What is selective collective operation?

A

Collects all waiting up calls and collects all waiting down calls.

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15
Q

Where do you see selective collective operation?

A

Moderate service requirements

Multi-famiy, small offices and professional buildings

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16
Q

What can be added to selective collective operation?

A

Group control scheme

Assigns each hall call to the car best suited to answer

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17
Q

What is the downside to selective collective operation?

A

Bunching of cars can create longer wait times

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18
Q

What are the limits of selective collective operation?

A

Best when 2 cars. 3 cars can work, but you end up with bunching. More than 3 is not feasible.

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19
Q

What is destination dispatch?

A

A type of computerized system control

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20
Q

What are the 2 main categories of elevator?

A

Traction and hydraulic

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21
Q

What are the limitations of a hydraulic elevator?

A

Slow
Limited in distance
Not efficient
Chance of failure

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22
Q

What are the benefits of traction elevators?

A

More efficient
Last longer
Require less maintenance
Faster
Smoother ride

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23
Q

What are the design RoTs for hydraulic elevators?

A

2-5 floors
45’ max

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24
Q

What are the 4 types of hydraulic elevators?

A
  1. Direct Plunger
  2. Holeless
  3. Roped Hydro
  4. Telescoping Holeless
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25
Q

What is the max lift of a holeless elevator?

A

15’

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26
Q

What are the 2 types of traction elevator?

A

Geared and gearless

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27
Q

What are the design RoTs for geared traction elevators?

A

150’ max
5-15 stops
500 fpm

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28
Q

What are design RoTs for gearless traction elevators?

A

2000’ max
15-60+ stops
2400 fpm

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29
Q

Where are geared traction elevators used?

A

Where torque and bigger lifting requirements are needed

Freight elevators

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30
Q

In a traditional gearless traction elevator, where is the motor and controls?

A

On top of the elevator

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31
Q

What is the required area for hoistway venting?

A

3.5% of hoistway or 3 SF, whichever is bigger

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32
Q

What is voltage?

A

Pressure

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33
Q

What is current?

A

Flow of electricity

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34
Q

What do batteries run on?

A

DC - direct current

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35
Q

What is Ohm’s Law?

A

W = IV

Watts = Current x Voltage
Power = Current x Pressure

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36
Q

What are the units for Ohm’s Law?

A

Power = Watts
Current = Amps
Voltage = Volts

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37
Q

When is a thicker electrical wire needed?

A

To handle higher pressure - therefore higher wattage

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38
Q

How do transformers work?

A

Ratio of windings

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39
Q

Do you meter on the high voltage or low voltage side of a transformer?

A

Low voltage as it’s cheaper and not as risky

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40
Q

What is the typical electrical supply for a small building?

A

120 V, Single Phase, 2 Wire

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41
Q

What is the typical electrical supply for a single family residence?

A

120 V / 240 V, Single Phase, 3 Wire

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42
Q

What is 3 phase?

A

Singing in the round

Voltage is staggered, so having 3 phase means that there is always a consistent voltage supply

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43
Q

What should be used for a building larger than a single family residence, but less than 40,000 SF?

A

120 V / 208 V, 3 Phase, 4 Wire

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44
Q

What should be used for a larger building over 40,000 SF?

A

277 V / 408 V, 3 Phase, 4 Wire

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45
Q

In a 277 V / 408 V, 3 Phase, 4 Wire building, what needs to be added in the building?

A

A 408 V to 120 V transformer to supply outlets

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46
Q

What is a rectifier?

A

Changes AC to DC

47
Q

What is a inverter?

A

Changes DC to AC

48
Q

What does GFI stand for?

A

Ground Fault Interupter

49
Q

What is a high albedo roof?

A

A light colored roof that absorbs less heat

50
Q

What is a high emissivity roof?

A

Roof that releases the heat that was absorbed back to the night sky

51
Q

What is EPDM?

A

Roofing membrane

Rubber membrane for large low-sloped roofs and roofs with few penetrations

52
Q

For a seismic zone, does the entire building need to be fully braced?

A

Not necessarily

Just a portion of the building frame can be braced for seismic activity

53
Q

What does temperate climate mean?

A

Cold winters, warm summers

54
Q

Why are large mechanical items placed on an elevated pad?

A

Housekeeping pad - stops things from rolling underneath

55
Q

Why is there a drain underneath AHUs?

A

To capture condensation from the cooling coil

56
Q

What is displacement ventilation?

A

Air drawn from a plenum underneath the room, into a space and then exhausted up the top

57
Q

What is a great typology to use displacement ventilation?

A

Theatres / Auditorium

58
Q

What is a 4-pipe system in relation to an AHU?

A

Chilled water supply and return

Hot water supply and return

2 sets of pipes for each coil (heating and cooling)

59
Q

What type of glass do you need for a skylight?

60
Q

Which side is the cold side of the compression loop?

A

Evaporator

61
Q

Which side is the hot side of the compression loop?

62
Q

Which is the high pressure side in the compression loop?

63
Q

Which is the low pressure side in the compression loop?

A

Evaporator

64
Q

Arrow pointing into the pump, out from the expansion valve indicates which side?

A

Evaporator

65
Q

Arrow pointing out of the pump, into the expansion valve indicates which side?

66
Q

Which side would be located in a cooling tower?

67
Q

Which offers the highest efficiency in solar panels? Monocrystalline or Polycrystalline?

A

Monocrystalline

Think M = More

68
Q

Which inherently has hints of blue? Monocrystalline or polycrystalline?

A

Polycrystalline

Mono is black

69
Q

What is the opposite of a thermal break?

A

Thermal bridge

70
Q

What is conduction?

A

Heat transfer through a solid

Insulation, thermal breaks, R-value, U-vale, conductivity, resistivity, compact building forms

71
Q

What is Convection?

A

Heat transfer through air

Air tightness, ventilation, heat carried through ductwork

72
Q

What is Radiation?

A

Heat transfer through electromagnetic energy exchanged between objects in view of one another

Fireplace, sunshine and shade, low-e windows, chilled beams, radiators

73
Q

What are 2 examples of Convection?

A

Air infiltration through cracks in the building’s envelope

ERVs

74
Q

What are 3 types of radiation?

A

Foil facing

Solar heat gain

Thermal mass

75
Q

What is a type of conduction?

A

Thermal break

76
Q

When thermal control is prioritized - which HVAC system?

A

FCUs, Ducted w VAV & VRF

77
Q

What is the difference between an FCU and AHU?

A

AHU deals with fresh air and are larger

FCUs deal with recirculated air and can be located in the room itself

78
Q

What is a type of DX (Direct Expansion) HVAC system?

A

Window units or through-the-wall system

79
Q

For historic buildings with no room for ducts?

A

VRF or Hydronic (chill beams & underfloor heating)

80
Q

What are some energy efficient systems?

A

1 - central chiller and AHUs spread throughout
2 - renewables
3 - waste-heat capturing systems (VRF)
4 - economizer systems
5 - DOAS (dedicated outdoor air systems)
6 - all electric
7 - radiant systems

81
Q

What are the quietest systems?

A

Remote compressors
Radiant systems

82
Q

What is the best roofing for odd geometries?

A

Fluid-applied

83
Q

Best CMU insulators from best to worst

A

Permite/Vermiculite
Air
Grout

‘PAG’

84
Q

Best CMU to worst CMU for TL and STC

A

Grout
Perlite/Vermiculite
AIr

‘GPA’

85
Q

What are the 2 ways to remember CMU thermal and acoustic performance?

A

PAG -> thermal
GPA -> acoustic

86
Q

Condenser

A

High-pressure hot refrigerant

87
Q

Compressor

A

Pump that circulates refrigerant

88
Q

Evaporator

A

Low pressure cold refrigerant

89
Q

Air-to-air system

A

Fan over condenser and evaporator

90
Q

Air to Water

A

Fan over condenser, pumped water over evaporator

91
Q

Water to Air

A

Pumped water over the condenser, air over the evaporator

92
Q

Water to Water

A

Pumped water over the condenser and a different pumped water system over the evaporatorS

93
Q

Split System

A

Condenser outside, evaporator inside (Residential)

94
Q

Minisplit

A

Refrigerant flows through units in rooms under high pressure for heating and low pressure for cooling; can heat and cool different rooms simultaneously

95
Q

Swamp cooler

A

Uses evaporation of water for cooling, with a fan, for very dry climates

96
Q

Evaporative cool tower

A

Uses evaporation of water for cooling, no fan, for very dry climates only

97
Q

Cooling tower

A

For cooling condenser water by blowing outside air over it

98
Q

Chiller

A

Refrigeration machine for cooling chilled water in large buildings. Includes refrigerant moving through the condenser, compressor, evaporator, and expansion valve and the water that interfaces with the evaporator (and condensor)

99
Q

Air-handling unit

A

Located down the hall, cools air for delivery to the room via ductwork

100
Q

Fan Coil Unit

A

Located in the room, cools air by blowing it over pipes filled with chilled water from a chiller

101
Q

Direct expansion (DX)

A

Like a window unit: with all cooling components including refrigeration machine and fan in one box

102
Q

Variable vs constant cooling coil
Variable vs constant ducted air speed
Variable vs constant fan
Variable vs constant pump

A

How much control over the rate of flow. Variable generally offers more comfort control and more energy-efficiency, but more complex equipment

103
Q

Geothermal system

A

More efficient because it uses the moderate temperature of earth to heat or cool water for the refrigeration machine

104
Q

Chilled beams

A

Like radiators for coolth; measure are required to prevent condensation

105
Q

What is NRC?

A

Average absorption coefficient across 4 octave bands

250, 500, 1000, 2000

106
Q

What is absorption coefficient?

A

Proportion of sound reflected / proportion of sound absorbed

107
Q

Why doesn’t low frequency sound reflect on small bumps?

A

Longer wavelength

108
Q

What is STC

A

Sound Transmission Class

109
Q

What does a higher NC rating mean?

A

More noise

110
Q

What does you need to look for in terms of minimizing footfall noise?

A

Higher IIC

Impact Insulation Class

111
Q

Horizontal Footcandles

A

Candle Power x cos0 / D^2

D = hypotenuse of triangle

112
Q

Vertical Footcandles

A

Candle Power x sin0 / D^2

D = hypotenuse of triangle

113
Q

Horizontal Footcandles is measure of light on what surface?

A

Measure of light on the horizontal surface

114
Q

Vertical Footcandles is measure of light on what surface?

A

Vertical surface

ARE 5.0 (9 decks)

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