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Plumbing Level 1 > Steamfitter - Pipefitter > Flashcards

Steamfitter - Pipefitter Flashcards

1
Q

What does hydrostatic mean?

A

Water that is not moving

(Not only limited to water. Also includes any liquid / that is not moving)

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2
Q

What does Hydraulic tests require at high and low points?

A

High points = vents

Low points = drains

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3
Q

What does a pump do?

A

Discharge fluids (against pressure)

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4
Q

True or false: Compressors are also pumps

A

True, they discharge gases (against pressure)

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5
Q

What type is the majority of pumps used?

A

Positive displacement

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6
Q

What is the integral component of a pump?

A

Drive mechanism

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7
Q

Charts and recorders can come in what type?

A

Permanent ink record

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8
Q

Gauges can be what to ensure accurate testing?

A

Calibrated.

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9
Q

Gauges are usually what type?

A

Bourdon tube type

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10
Q

Gauges are usually what type?

A

Bourdon tube type

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11
Q

Why is a Larger-diameter fill line necessary?

A

To speed up the fill time for piping assembly

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12
Q

Hoses used for pressure testing should be rated what?

A

for a pressure equal or greater than the max pump output pressure

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13
Q

What temp are standard hoses rated for?

A

-20 F / 150 F

(-29 C - 65C)

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14
Q

Universal couplings are also known as what?

A

Chicago, crow’s foot or claw coupling

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15
Q

What is this?

A

A JIC type connection

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16
Q

What does Whipcheck mean?

A

Is a restraint that prevents hose ends from lashing around should the ends become disconnected.

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17
Q

What is the input pressure to output pressure ratio?

A

100:1

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18
Q

What is the psig that small pneumatic diaphragm pumps use?

A

30 psig supply air pressure

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19
Q

What is the determinate of which motor is suited for the job?

A

Local environment

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20
Q

What does TEXP stand for?

A

Totally Enclosed Explosion -Proof

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21
Q

True or False: you do not have to remove the moisture from air compressors.

A

False: Moisture in the test air should be removed at or ahead of the PRV

(The PRV is the connection point of system -→ compressor)

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22
Q

Pressurized gas is usually supplied how?

A

As a dry gas at high pressures via pressure-regulating valve assembly

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23
Q

What is CGA - 540?

A

Is the threaded connection that is ONLY on Oxygen tanks

(Type of gas determines the CGA thread type)

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24
Q

How many gauges and valves are mounted at the pressure pump?

pg 12 intro to pressure testing

A

1 - pressure gauge mounted at pressure pump

2 - valves to control fluid inlet and outlet

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25
Q

Oil-filed gauges can be used where?

A

on lines where vibration is not too severe

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26
Q

What can be used if a system has too much vibration or pressure?

A

A snubber

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27
Q

What does Quality assurance mean?

A

different codes are used for different processes

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28
Q

ASME B31 codes are used for what?

A

Fabrication + install of pressure piping

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29
Q

Codes differentiate between what?

A

Functions of inspection + those of examination / testing

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30
Q

True or False: Each job is different in documentation required for proof of satisfactory examination + testing

A

True. It’s all true.

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31
Q

The owner may require the contractor to provide what?

A

Additional documentation the owner feels is warranted for the system

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32
Q

Codes set a what?

A

min acceptable standards.

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33
Q

A preliminary pneumatic test may be allowed to locate what?

A

Major leaks

(using air pressure no greater than 25 psig)

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34
Q

True or False: compressed gases are much more hazardous than pressurized liquids

A

True

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35
Q

Two Pipe Direct Return systems are what?

A

Prone to short circuit.

First fed, first returned, water from the heat distribution units is returned to the boiler by the shortest feasible path…

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36
Q

Closed Loop defined, go!

A

protects circulation medium against exposure to atmospheric pressure

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37
Q

Latent Heat, go!

A

*Heat added to change state*

Heat + water = steam (970 Btu/lb)

Heat + ice = water (144 btu / lb)

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38
Q

EDR

A

Equivalent Direct Radiation

Another form of output rating

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39
Q

R - Value

A

A single materials ability to resist heat transfer

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40
Q

Stack effect

A

The impulse of a heated gas to rise in a vertical passage as in a chimney, small enclosure or stairwell

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41
Q

Critical Temperature

A

the temp. at which material begins to permanently deform or change its physical properties dt external stimuli or stress.

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42
Q

Series Loop

A

A piping system where the HTUs are part of the piping main

HTU = heat transfer unit

43
Q

Heat energy adds….

A

Sensible heat to the water which = increase in the temp. of the water

44
Q

The Boiler categories are largely based on what?

A

Temp and Pressure

45
Q

What is the max temp and max pressure of Low - Temp Hot Water Boilers

A

Max 250 F

Max 160 psig

46
Q

What is the max pressure of Cast Iron Boilers?

A

30 psig

47
Q

What temp does high-temp hot water boilers start at?

A

250 F

48
Q

Gross ratings can come in what type of ratings?

A

BTU and EDR

49
Q

What does BTU stand for?

A

British Thermal Units

50
Q

What does EDR mean?

A

Equivalent Direct Radiation

51
Q

BTU means what?

A

Amount of heat required to raise the temp of 1 Lb of water by 1 F

52
Q

What does EDR mean?

A

Is a measure of thermal radiation expressed in sq ft of steam radiation surface

Emitting 248 BTU / Hr/ Sq

(amount of heat given off by one sq foot of cast iron radiation)

53
Q

How do you tell the difference bn a water boiler and steam boiler?

A

Steam boiler has: sight glass

Steam boilers: work off pressure

Steam boilers: do not have cushion tanks

54
Q

Heat energy adds what to the water?

A

Sensible heat: it is the energy required to change the temperature of a substance with no phase change.

55
Q

How do you convert EDR to BTU?

A

Water: btu = EDR x 150 BTU/Hr

Steam: BTU = EDR x 240 BTU/ Hr

56
Q

How do you convert BTU to EDR?

A

Water: EDR = BTU / 150 btu/hr

Steam: EDR = btu / 240 btu /hr

(240 steam is hotter)

57
Q

Input represents what?

A

The amount of heat in the fuel burned by the burner

Ex: Oil has a heating value of 140 000 btu / hr, input = 140 000 Btuh

58
Q

Gross output represents what?

A

The total heat output of the boiler (available as steam or hot water)

59
Q

How do you find the Efficiency %?

(It’s a formula)

A

% Efficiency = Gross Output in Btuh / Inout in Btuh x 100

60
Q

Cast iron boilers are classified as?

A

High-mas boilers

61
Q

Fire tube boilers mean what?

A

Fire in the tube + water around

62
Q

Water tube boilers mean what?

A

Water in the tube + fire around

63
Q

What type of material is the only type approved to heat domestic water?

A

Copper tube

64
Q

What is the benefit of stainless steel boilers?

A

Is corrosion resistant

Top choice for condensing boilers

65
Q

How does the operation of a cast iron sectional boiler work?

A

Sections are joined together (vertical or horizontal-pancake)

Water flows freely between sections

Burner turned on -→ Products of combustion heat up + circulate bn sections + transfer heat to cast iron sections.

Products of combustion rise up + exit via draft hood

66
Q

Fire tube boilers are considered to be what type of boiler?

A

High-mass boiler (the shell contains a considerable amount of water)

67
Q

What happens if flue gas doesn’t reach the temp it needs for the stack effect?

A

Gas can spill out of draft hood or cool to dew point = corrosive condensate to drain back toward boiler => damaging vent system and or boiler

68
Q

Low water cut-off is required on / when?

A

On a high mass boilers over 400 MBH

69
Q

ASME code requires low mass coil type boilers over what to include what?

A

Over 400 MBH to include a flow switch

Flow switch: prevents boiler from firing when there is no flow through the heat exchanger.

70
Q

What temp is the limit or high limit control on boilers?

A

121 C (250 F)

71
Q

Low mass boiler or water tube boiler w/ heat input greater than 400 MBH needs what?

A

Have a flow sensing device

72
Q

Gauges will normally operate where?

A

in the middle

73
Q

What is the most common gauge?

A

Bourdon tube

74
Q

Gauges on boilers are to be calibrated how often?

A

at least once per year

75
Q

How are gauges calibrated?

(pg 23)

A

By comparing it to an inspector gauge or using a dead weight tester

76
Q

A combination gauge includes what?

A

pressure, feet of head and temp.

77
Q

Cushion / expansion tanks are on what type of boiler only?

A

Water boilers only

78
Q

The circulator aka pump is used in a what?

A

closed loop system.

Does not have to lift the water but provide enough energy to circulate water through system.

79
Q

Flow control valves are installed on systems to prevent what?

A

gravity circulation from occurring with piping system.

80
Q

Safety Limit Control

A

Is a safety device that limits the temp of the water contained in the boiler

81
Q

What are Thermal Wells about?

A

It is threaded into the boiler heat exchanger + the sensing bulb rests inside.

82
Q

How do Flow Sensors (flow switch) work?

A

The paddle end is inserted into the piping -→ velocity of water causes paddle to move it closed when there is sufficient flow.

If flow stops or decrease -→ the paddle returns to normal position + breaks the circuit to the gas valve.

83
Q

What does a Safety Limit Control do?

A

Is a safety device that limits the temp of the water contained in the boiler

84
Q

What works hand in hand with low water -cut off

A

An Automatic Water Feeder

(float drops -→ signals AWF -→ allows water into boiler until level returns to normal operating level)

85
Q

Steam boiler pressure gauges must what?

A

The graduations on the gauge = double operating pressure

Min of at least 1 ½ times the working pressure.

(Operating pressure = max)

(Working pressure = what system actually works at)

86
Q

What indicates a Low - pressure steam boiler?

A

Has up to 15 psia (as per ASME section IV)

87
Q

What is the definition of a Series Loop (Baseboard system)?

A

It’s a single pipe system in which each heat transmission unit is part of the main

88
Q

What is the main disadvantage of a Series Loop Baseboard System?

A

The first convector receives the hottest water

89
Q

What is a disadvantage of a Two-pipe direct return system?

A

Prone to short circuit

(dt first unit is the first to receive water and the first to return water)

90
Q

What is a good type of valve for isolation valves?

A

Gate and BALL valves

91
Q

What do balancing valves do?

A

They are installed in systems to balance the heat requirements of different zones.

(Balancing valve with a globe valve style)

(They allow water to flow into unequal length circuits)

92
Q

Installing balancing valves on each circuit alleviates what?

A

Unequal friction caused by unequal circuit lengths

93
Q

What side of the circuit is preferred for balancing valves?

A

on the return branch (in order to dial in the design flow rate)

94
Q

Dead - heads are what and can cause what?

A

Pumps with no flow going through the circulator

Can cause overheating of the pump / damage to the seals

95
Q

Zone valves connects to a thermostat to control what?

A

Heat emission (aka heat release)

96
Q

What is the easier for air to be released from water?

(involves temp + pressure)

A

Higher the temperature + Lower the pressure

Temp and pressure are the 2 factors when considering air elimination

97
Q

What is the measurement unit on pumps?

A

Gallons per min (gpm)

98
Q

Where is the point of no pressure change?

(pg 25)

A

In the expansion tank

99
Q

Should the circulator be placed on the upstream or downstream side of the diaphragm tank?

A

The down-steam side

The circulator can maintain the positive pressure on the suction side.

100
Q

What is K value?

A

It is the conductance of heat of Uniform material

Btu/ Ft2 / 1 degrees F

101
Q

What is U value?

A

Is the conductance of heat of combination of various materials

(Btu/ Ft2 / 1 degree F)

102
Q

What is R value?

A

Resistance to heat transfer

(Btu / ft2 / 1 degree F)

103
Q

What is the formula for heat loss?

A

U = 1/R*

* = sum of all R values

If there is no * then it is uniform

Plumbing Level 1 (14 decks)

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