STDs (exam 2)

Question 1

bacterial STIs

Answer 1

chlamydia
gonorrhea
syphilis

Question 2

chlamydia (cause, incubation, presentation, dx, tx)

Answer 2

• Chlamydia trachomatis
• 10-90 days (avg. 3 wks)
• asymptomatic; drip “discharges”
• dx: SITE SPECIFIC - urine sample, swabs; Nucleic Acid Amplification Test
• Tx: Azithromycin 1 g orally in a single dose; no sex for 7 days after

Question 3

serious health consequences of chlamydia

Answer 3

• cervicitis
• urethritis
• proctitis (inflammation of the rectum mucus membrane)
• pelvic inflammatory disease
• ectopic pregnancy (fetus develops in fallopian tube)
• chronic pelvic pain
• tubal factor infertility

Question 4

rates of chlamydia (utah, U.S., race/ethnicity, sex, age)

Answer 4

• lower in utah than U.S. but both are increasing
• most cases in U.S - 1) white race 2) hispanic
• most cases in utah (2017) - 1) black 2) pacific islander
• more females infected than males
• most cases in age 20-24

Question 5

Gonorrhea (cause, incubation, presentation, dx, tx)

Answer 5

• Neisseria gonorrhoeae
• 1-14 days
• asymptomatic; drips “discharges”
• dx: site specific (what kind of sex do you have?) - first-catch urine, swabs
• tx: Cefixime 400 mg orally in a single dose PLUS
  Azithromycin 1 g orally in single dose (no sex for 1 wk)

Question 6

rates of Gonorrhea (utah vs. U.S., race/ethnicity, sex, age)

Answer 6

41% increase in U.S.
729% increase in Utah!!
- race/ethnicity rates same as for chlamydia
- more males infected than females
- most cases age 25-29

Question 7

primary and secondary syphillis (cause, incubation, presentation, dx, tx)

Answer 7

• Treponema pallidum
• 9-90 days (average 3 wks)
• sores (chancres) and rash
• dx. site specific (urine and swabs)
• tx. Benzathine Penicillin G 2.4 Million Units IM (no sex for a week)

Question 8

rates of primary and secondary syphilis (sex, age, sexual orientation)

Answer 8

• more males infected than females
• most at age 20-24
• most caused by MSM

Question 9

Utah surveillance STD summary

Answer 9

• most infections along Wasatch front

- 2/3 of chlamydia case in 2017 => 15-24 years old

Question 10

viral STIs

Answer 10

• herpes
• HPV
• hepatitis

Question 11

herpes simplex virus (cause, incubation, disease it causes, presentation, dx, tx)

Answer 11

• herpes simplex virus type 2 and type 1
• 2-12 days (average of 4 days)
• leading cause of genital ulcer disease worldwide
• severe multiple bilateral genital ulcers; pain, itching, dysuria, vaginal or urethral discharge
• dx. type-specific IgG-based assay
• tx. antivirals -> acyclovir, valacyclovir, or famciclovir

Question 12

rate of herpes simplex virus (race/ethnicity)

Answer 12

• most effected race/ethnicity is non-hispanic black