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biology learning outcomes > Staying Alive > Flashcards

Staying Alive Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
0
Q

What does cilia do?

A

Sweep the dirty mucus up to the back of the throat

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1
Q

In the wind pipe there are cartilidge rings. Why?

A

They hold the wind pipe open to allow air in and out of the lungs

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2
Q

What is mucus

A

Produced by goblet cells. A sticky substance that traps dust, dirt and bacteria

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3
Q

Where does gas exchange take place

A

The alveoli

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4
Q

In the alveoli what is the reason behind having millions of tiny air sacs

A

Provides large surface area for gas exchange

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5
Q

In the alveoli what it the reason behind the inner surface being moist

A

Allows oxygen to dissolve and diffuse rapidly

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6
Q

In the alveoli why is there a thin lining

A

Short distance for gases to diffuse

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7
Q

In the alveoli why is there a rich blood supply

A

To pick up and transport oxygen

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8
Q

What stops the blood flowing in the wrong direction during heart beats

A

Heart valves

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9
Q

The cycle of blood

A

Through arteries, flows through the capillaries and flows back to the heart in the veins

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10
Q

What is the function of the artery

A

Carries blood away from heart

Thick muscle wall to withstand high pressure of the blood leaving the heart

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11
Q

What is the function of the capillary

A

Carries blood to cells

Thin walls for rapid diffusion

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12
Q

What is the function of the vein

A

Carries blood to heart

Valves prevent back flow as the blood is under low pressure

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13
Q

What is blood composed of

A

Red blood cells
White blood cells
Plasma
Platelets

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14
Q

What does red blood cells do

A

Carry oxygen around the body

Contains haemoglobin

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15
Q

What do white blood cells do

A

Engulf and digest bacteria

Protects body from infection

16
Q

What is the function of platelets

A

Stick together at point of the wound

17
Q

What is the function of plasma

A

Carries dissolves substances like gas and food

18
Q

What is digestion

A

Digestion is the breakdown of large insoluble molecules into small insoluble molecules which are absorbed into the blood from the small intestine through the wall of the gut

19
Q

What are the end products of digestion

A

Carbohydrates, fat and protein

20
Q

What can digestion be?

A

Mechanical or chemical

21
Q

Name the 12 organs of digestion

A

Anus, appendix, gall bladder, gullet, large intestine, liver, mouth pancreas, rectum, stomach, small intestine and salivary glands

22
Q

What is peristalsis

A

The wave of muscular contraction which pushes the food along the gullet, small intestine and large intestine

23
Q

What happens in the small intestine

A

The absorption of glucose, amino acids and glycerol takes place

24
Q

What are the basic units of protein

A

Amino acids

25
Q

In the small intestine what features are good for its function

A

Very long
Covered in folds
The lining has millions of vili

All these features create large surface area

26
Q

What is villus

A

A small protection on the inner pinning of the small intestine. Villi increases surface area to increase the rate of absorption of digested food

27
Q

Give examples of technology used in health that improve quality of life

A

Respirometers

Blood pressure monitors

28
Q

What is overall health effected by

A

Environment- pollution
Weather

Inheritance- genetics disorders
increase chance of illness

Lifestyle- diet
alcohol

29
Q

What does lack of exercise lead to

A

Obesity
Depression
Type two diabetes

30
Q

What does high stress lead to

A

High blood pressure
Heart disease
Obesity
Over/under eating

31
Q

What is the enzyme equation for starch

A

Amylase

Starch ———————>maltose

32
Q

What is the enzyme equation for glucose-1-phosphate

A

Phosphorylase

glucose-1-phosphate——————–>starch

33
Q

What is the enzyme equation for protein

A

Pepsin

Protein——————> peptides

34
Q

What is the enzyme equation for fat

A

Lipase

Fat————–>fatty acids +glycerol

35
Q

What is the enzyme equation

A

Catalyse

Hydrogen peroxide————–> oxygen+water

biology learning outcomes (8 decks)

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