Staying Alive Flashcards
What does cilia do?
Sweep the dirty mucus up to the back of the throat
In the wind pipe there are cartilidge rings. Why?
They hold the wind pipe open to allow air in and out of the lungs
What is mucus
Produced by goblet cells. A sticky substance that traps dust, dirt and bacteria
Where does gas exchange take place
The alveoli
In the alveoli what is the reason behind having millions of tiny air sacs
Provides large surface area for gas exchange
In the alveoli what it the reason behind the inner surface being moist
Allows oxygen to dissolve and diffuse rapidly
In the alveoli why is there a thin lining
Short distance for gases to diffuse
In the alveoli why is there a rich blood supply
To pick up and transport oxygen
What stops the blood flowing in the wrong direction during heart beats
Heart valves
The cycle of blood
Through arteries, flows through the capillaries and flows back to the heart in the veins
What is the function of the artery
Carries blood away from heart
Thick muscle wall to withstand high pressure of the blood leaving the heart
What is the function of the capillary
Carries blood to cells
Thin walls for rapid diffusion
What is the function of the vein
Carries blood to heart
Valves prevent back flow as the blood is under low pressure
What is blood composed of
Red blood cells
White blood cells
Plasma
Platelets
What does red blood cells do
Carry oxygen around the body
Contains haemoglobin
What do white blood cells do
Engulf and digest bacteria
Protects body from infection
What is the function of platelets
Stick together at point of the wound
What is the function of plasma
Carries dissolves substances like gas and food
What is digestion
Digestion is the breakdown of large insoluble molecules into small insoluble molecules which are absorbed into the blood from the small intestine through the wall of the gut
What are the end products of digestion
Carbohydrates, fat and protein
What can digestion be?
Mechanical or chemical
Name the 12 organs of digestion
Anus, appendix, gall bladder, gullet, large intestine, liver, mouth pancreas, rectum, stomach, small intestine and salivary glands
What is peristalsis
The wave of muscular contraction which pushes the food along the gullet, small intestine and large intestine
What happens in the small intestine
The absorption of glucose, amino acids and glycerol takes place
What are the basic units of protein
Amino acids
In the small intestine what features are good for its function
Very long
Covered in folds
The lining has millions of vili
All these features create large surface area
What is villus
A small protection on the inner pinning of the small intestine. Villi increases surface area to increase the rate of absorption of digested food
Give examples of technology used in health that improve quality of life
Respirometers
Blood pressure monitors
What is overall health effected by
Environment- pollution
Weather
Inheritance- genetics disorders
increase chance of illness
Lifestyle- diet
alcohol
What does lack of exercise lead to
Obesity
Depression
Type two diabetes
What does high stress lead to
High blood pressure
Heart disease
Obesity
Over/under eating
What is the enzyme equation for starch
Amylase
Starch ———————>maltose
What is the enzyme equation for glucose-1-phosphate
Phosphorylase
glucose-1-phosphate——————–>starch
What is the enzyme equation for protein
Pepsin
Protein——————> peptides
What is the enzyme equation for fat
Lipase
Fat————–>fatty acids +glycerol
What is the enzyme equation
Catalyse
Hydrogen peroxide————–> oxygen+water
