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biology learning outcomes > Its A Small World > Flashcards

Its A Small World Flashcards

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0
Q

Identify the parts of a plant cell

A

Cell wall, sap vacuole, chloroplast, cytoplasm, ribosome, mitochondria, nucleus, cell membrane

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1
Q

Identify the main structures found in a animal cell

A

Nucleus, membrane, cytoplasm, mitochondria, ribosome

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2
Q

What is the function the nucleus

A

Controls cells activities. Also contains chromosomes

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3
Q

WHat is the function of the cell membrane

A

Thin, flexible boundary surrounding a living cells that controls exit and exit of materials

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4
Q

What is the function of the cytoplasm

A

Transparent material found in a cell that is the site of biochemical reactions

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5
Q

What is the function of the mitochondria

A

The site of aerobic respiration

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6
Q

What is the function of the cell wall

A

In a plant, it’s a carbohydrate called cellulose, gives the cell strength, shape and support

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7
Q

What is the function if the sap vacuole

A

A permanent vacuole which contains water, sugar and salt.

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8
Q

What is chloroplasts

A

Contains green pigment. Chlorophyll. Chlorophyll traps sunlight allowing the plant to carry out photosynthesis

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9
Q

Why do you stain cells

A

Cell structures are often transparent, see through, so in order to make the organelles more visible stains are added.

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10
Q

What stain is added to plant cells

A

Iodine solution

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11
Q

What stain is added to animal cells

A

Methylene blue

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12
Q

What is the difference between fungal and plant cells

A
  • fungi do not contain chloroplast

- fungi have cell walls made of chitin, plant have cell walls made of cellulose

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13
Q

What is unusual about bacterial cells

A

They lack a nucleus, and have no mitochondria or chloroplast

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14
Q

What shape are chromosomes in animal, plant and fungal cells

A

Linear

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15
Q

What shape are chromosomes in bacterial cells

A

Circular

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16
Q

What extra chromosomal material do bacterial cells contain

A

Plasmids

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17
Q

What is a plants cells all made of

A

Cellulose

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18
Q

What is a fungal cells wall made of

A

Chitin

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19
Q

What is a bacterial cell wall made of

A

Peptidolycan

20
Q

What are enzymes

A

Biological catalysts

21
Q

What do enzymes do

A

Speed up chemical reactions without being used in the reaction

22
Q

What is a degradation reaction

A

The breakdown if a large molecule into a smaller molecule

23
Q

Give an example of a degradation reaction

A

Catalase
Hydrogen ——————-> oxygen +water
Peroxide

24
Q

What is a synthesis reaction

A

A reaction when small molecules are joined together to make a larger molecule

25
Q

Give an example of a synthesis reaction

A

Phosphorylase
Glucose-1-phosphate————————–> starch
Enzyme

26
Q

What is the lock and key hypothesis

A

The demonstration that each enzyme is specific to one substrate due to there shape

27
Q

What are enzymes made of

A

Protein

28
Q

What is ment by the term optimum?

A

The best conditions for a particular enzyme to work in. E.g. Temperature and ph

29
Q

What is ment by the term denatured

A

This happens when an enzyme is put past it’s optimum temperature. The enzyme molecule changes shape and so the shape of the substrate no longer matches the enzyme.
A denatured enzyme is no longer functional and denaturing is irreversible

30
Q

Why do living cells need energy

A
  • muscle contraction
  • cell division
  • protein synthesis
31
Q

What is respiration

A

A chemical reaction used to release energy from food

32
Q

What is the aerobic respiration equation

A

Glucose + oxygen —-> energy + carbon dioxide + water

33
Q

What energy is released from cells during respiration

A

Heat energy

34
Q

What controls respiration

A

Enzymes

35
Q

Describe methods used to measure the rate of respiration

A

Respirometers

36
Q

What is the optimum temperature for respiration

A

37

37
Q

Name two types of cells used in the industry

A

Bacteria and yeast

38
Q

Why is yeast useful in the industry

A 
Reproduces quickly (budding) 
Can respire aerobically  and anaerobically
39
Q

The equation for anaerobic respiration

A

Food ——-> ethanol + carbon dioxide + little energy

40
Q

What is yeast

A

A single felled fungus that can use sugar as a food source

41
Q

What releases the most energy aerobic or anaerobic respiration

A

Aerobic

42
Q

What type of respiration is used in the production of alcohol

A

Anaerobic

43
Q

What is bacteria used to make

A

Cheese and yogurt

44
Q

State the word equation for anaerobic respiration (fermentation) of lactose by bacteria

A

Lactose—-> energy + lactic acid

45
Q

What is a unicellular organism

A

A organism that consists of only one cell

46
Q

Give an example of a unicellular organism

A

Yeast, bacteria and amoeba

47
Q

What are multicellular organisms

A

Organisms that has more than one cell type and is made up of tissues and organs

biology learning outcomes (8 decks)

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