Its A Small World

Question 0

Identify the parts of a plant cell

Answer 0

Cell wall, sap vacuole, chloroplast, cytoplasm, ribosome, mitochondria, nucleus, cell membrane

Question 1

Identify the main structures found in a animal cell

Answer 1

Nucleus, membrane, cytoplasm, mitochondria, ribosome

Question 2

What is the function the nucleus

Answer 2

Controls cells activities. Also contains chromosomes

Question 3

WHat is the function of the cell membrane

Answer 3

Thin, flexible boundary surrounding a living cells that controls exit and exit of materials

Question 4

What is the function of the cytoplasm

Answer 4

Transparent material found in a cell that is the site of biochemical reactions

Question 5

What is the function of the mitochondria

Answer 5

The site of aerobic respiration

Question 6

What is the function of the cell wall

Answer 6

In a plant, it’s a carbohydrate called cellulose, gives the cell strength, shape and support

Question 7

What is the function if the sap vacuole

Answer 7

A permanent vacuole which contains water, sugar and salt.

Question 8

What is chloroplasts

Answer 8

Contains green pigment. Chlorophyll. Chlorophyll traps sunlight allowing the plant to carry out photosynthesis

Question 9

Why do you stain cells

Answer 9

Cell structures are often transparent, see through, so in order to make the organelles more visible stains are added.

Question 10

What stain is added to plant cells

Answer 10

Iodine solution

Question 11

What stain is added to animal cells

Answer 11

Methylene blue

Question 12

What is the difference between fungal and plant cells

Answer 12

• fungi do not contain chloroplast

- fungi have cell walls made of chitin, plant have cell walls made of cellulose

Question 13

What is unusual about bacterial cells

Answer 13

They lack a nucleus, and have no mitochondria or chloroplast

Question 14

What shape are chromosomes in animal, plant and fungal cells

Answer 14

Linear

Question 15

What shape are chromosomes in bacterial cells

Answer 15

Circular

Question 16

What extra chromosomal material do bacterial cells contain

Answer 16

Plasmids

Question 17

What is a plants cells all made of

Answer 17

Cellulose

Question 18

What is a fungal cells wall made of

Answer 18

Chitin

Question 19

What is a bacterial cell wall made of

Answer 19

Peptidolycan

Question 20

What are enzymes

Answer 20

Biological catalysts

Question 21

What do enzymes do

Answer 21

Speed up chemical reactions without being used in the reaction

Question 22

What is a degradation reaction

Answer 22

The breakdown if a large molecule into a smaller molecule

Question 23

Give an example of a degradation reaction

Answer 23

Catalase
Hydrogen ——————-> oxygen +water
Peroxide

Question 24

What is a synthesis reaction

Answer 24

A reaction when small molecules are joined together to make a larger molecule

Question 25

Give an example of a synthesis reaction

Answer 25

Phosphorylase Glucose-1-phosphate--------------------------> starch Enzyme

Question 26

What is the lock and key hypothesis

Answer 26

The demonstration that each enzyme is specific to one substrate due to there shape

Question 27

What are enzymes made of

Answer 27

Protein

Question 28

What is ment by the term optimum?

Answer 28

The best conditions for a particular enzyme to work in. E.g. Temperature and ph

Question 29

What is ment by the term denatured

Answer 29

This happens when an enzyme is put past it's optimum temperature. The enzyme molecule changes shape and so the shape of the substrate no longer matches the enzyme. A denatured enzyme is no longer functional and denaturing is irreversible

Question 30

Why do living cells need energy

Answer 30

- muscle contraction - cell division - protein synthesis

Question 31

What is respiration

Answer 31

A chemical reaction used to release energy from food

Question 32

What is the aerobic respiration equation

Answer 32

Glucose + oxygen ----> energy + carbon dioxide + water

Question 33

What energy is released from cells during respiration

Answer 33

Heat energy

Question 34

What controls respiration

Answer 34

Enzymes

Question 35

Describe methods used to measure the rate of respiration

Answer 35

Respirometers

Question 36

What is the optimum temperature for respiration

Answer 36

37

Question 37

Name two types of cells used in the industry

Answer 37

Bacteria and yeast

Question 38

Why is yeast useful in the industry

Answer 38

``` Reproduces quickly (budding) Can respire aerobically and anaerobically ```

Question 39

The equation for anaerobic respiration

Answer 39

Food -------> ethanol + carbon dioxide + little energy

Question 40

What is yeast

Answer 40

A single felled fungus that can use sugar as a food source

Question 41

What releases the most energy aerobic or anaerobic respiration

Answer 41

Aerobic

Question 42

What type of respiration is used in the production of alcohol

Answer 42

Anaerobic

Question 43

What is bacteria used to make

Answer 43

Cheese and yogurt

Question 44

State the word equation for anaerobic respiration (fermentation) of lactose by bacteria

Answer 44

Lactose----> energy + lactic acid

Question 45

What is a unicellular organism

Answer 45

A organism that consists of only one cell

Question 46

Give an example of a unicellular organism

Answer 46

Yeast, bacteria and amoeba

Question 47

What are multicellular organisms

Answer 47

Organisms that has more than one cell type and is made up of tissues and organs