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Veterinary Anatomy 1 > Stay Apparatus > Flashcards

Stay Apparatus Flashcards

1
Q

What is the function of the stay apparatus?

A

To lock the middle joints in the limb
- Allows the horse to sleep while standing
- minimizes stress on the leg
(same in the lower part of limbs)

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2
Q

What is the stay apparatus?

A

A collective term referring to specially adapted muscles, tendons, and ligaments that lock the major joints in the limbs of the horse

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3
Q

What does the stay apparatus do?

A
  • reduce muscle fatigue and exhaustion while standing
  • reduces muscular efforts while the horse is moving during exercise
  • lock the major joints in the limbs of the horse
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4
Q

The lower part of the stay apparatus is the ___ in both limbs

A

same

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5
Q

The upper portion of the stay apparatus is ___ for both limbs.

A

different

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6
Q

What carries 60% of the horse’s weight?

A

tendons and ligaments

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7
Q

What is the product of the SDF and DDF together?

A

The check ligament

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8
Q

What makes up the suspensory apparatus?

A

ligaments- primarily suspensory
supporting ligament- distal sesamoid ligament

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9
Q

What are the metacarpal bones in the horse?

A

M2, M3,M 4
*1 and 5 are absent

2 & 4 = splint bones, 3 = cannon bone

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10
Q

M4 is known as the:

A

lateral splint bone

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11
Q

M3 is known as the:

A

Cannon bone

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12
Q

M2 is known as the:

A

medial splint bone

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13
Q

P1 is known as:

A

Long pastern bone

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14
Q

P2 is known as:

A

Short pastern bone

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15
Q

P3 is known as:

A

coffin bone

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16
Q

Sesamoid bones are ______. (directionally)

A

palmer

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17
Q

In the horse, are there muscles in the pes or manus?

A

no

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18
Q

What are the 7 (2 pairs) bones in the horse leg below the knee and hock?

A
  • Cannon bone
  • 2 splint bones
  • 2 sesamoid bones
  • long pastern
  • short pastern
  • navicular bone
  • coffin bone
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19
Q

What is the joint between the cannon bone and the long pastern bone?

A
  • metacarpal phalangeal joint (forelimb)
  • metatarsal phalangeal joint (hindlimb)
  • referred to as the fetlock joint
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20
Q

What is the joint between the long and short pastern bones?

A

proximal interphalangeal joint
also called pastern joint

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21
Q

What is the joint between the short pastern bone and the coffin bone?

A

distal interphalangeal joint
also called the coffin joint

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22
Q

What is splint disease?

A

callous growth on the splint bone, encroaching on the region of the ligaments
The medial splint bone is mostly affected

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23
Q

What causes splint disease?

A
  • trauma
  • damage to the splint bone or the ligament between the splint and cannon bone
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24
Q

Splint disease is common in:

A

younger horses that are used for training

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25
Q

Ringbone

A
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26
Q

What replaces the interosseous ligament in horses? (in FL and HL)

A

the suspensory ligament

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27
Q

The suspensory ligament courses the ______ joint.

A

fetlock joint

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28
Q

In the forelimb, the suspensory ligament courses distally on the dorsal surface of P1, to join ____ _____ _______.

A

common digital extensor

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29
Q

In the hindlimb, the suspensory ligament courses distally on the dorsal surface of P1, to join the ______ ____ ______.

A

long digital extensor

30
Q

When is the interosseous muscle present in horses?

A

At a young age, but over time it is replaced with fibrous connect tissue (suspensory ligament)

31
Q

Where is the interosseus muscle in the forelimb?

A

the palmar surface of the 3rd metacarpal
*also called the accessory ligament

32
Q

What is the origin of the suspensory ligament?

A
  • caudal proximal surface of the metacarpals
  • caudal surface of the carpals
33
Q

What is the insertion of the suspensory ligament?

A
  • proximal phalanx
  • proximal sesamoid bone
34
Q

The distal sesamoid ligaments help:

A
  • suspend ligaments in supporting the fetlock and pastern joints
  • supports susspensory ligament in locking both joints
35
Q

What ligaments compose the suspensory apparatus?

A
  • suspensory ligament
  • distal sesamoid ligament
36
Q

Where does the CDE originate?

A

lateral epicondyle of the humerus

37
Q

Where does the CDE insert?

A

the extensor process of P3

38
Q

The suspensory ligament helps:

A

locks fetlock joint and pastern joint

39
Q

What are the 3 sesamoid ligaments?

A
  • 1 straight
  • 2 oblique
40
Q

The check apparatus/ligaments emerge from the:

A

DDF and SDF

41
Q

equine tendonitis

42
Q

The distal flexors help with:

A
  • stabilizing the fetlock and pastern joints
  • limit hyperextension of the joints
43
Q

The check apparatus helps:

A

attach tendons to bones to prevent extension and flexion of the joints

44
Q

The proximal accessory ligament is located on which limb?

A

the forelimb

45
Q

Which structures help stabilize the carpals?

A
  • extensor carpi radialis
  • accessory ligament of SDF and DDF (proximal [FL] and distal)
  • lacertus fibrosis
46
Q

What is the origin of the SDF?

A

medial epicondyle

47
Q

What is the insertion of the SDF?

48
Q

What is the innervation of the SDF?

A

Ulnar nerve

49
Q

What is the origin of the DDF?

A

medial epicondyle

50
Q

What is the insertion of the DDF?

A

flexor surface of P3

51
Q

What is the innervation of the DDF?

A

Median + Ulnar nerve

52
Q

The check ligaments of the SDF are attached to the _____ surface of the radius and fused with the ______.

A

caudal; SDF

53
Q

How many heads does the DDF have? What are they?

A

3
- ulnar head
- medial head
- radial head

54
Q

What are the origins of each head of the DDF?

A
  • ulnar: medial surface of the olecranon
  • medial: medial epicondyle
  • radial: caudal surface of the radius
55
Q

Which muscles support synsarcosis and prevent flexion of the elbow?

A
  • serratus ventralis
  • rhomboideus
  • trapezius
  • brachioradial muscle
  • latissimus dorsi
  • pectoralis
  • omo
56
Q

What muscle stabilizes the elbow joint?

A

biceps brachii

57
Q

What structures stabilize the stifle joint?

A
  • triceps brachii
  • medial collateral ligaments
  • lateral collateral ligaments
58
Q

Upward sliding movement of the patella is _____.

59
Q

Downward sliding movement of the patella is ______.

60
Q

Where does the patella sit?

A

In the deep groove between the medial and lateral trochlear ridge

61
Q

The patellar locking mechanism stabilizes and immobilizes the ____ joint.

62
Q

How many patellar ligaments are in equine and bovine?

63
Q

How many patellar ligaments are in dogs and cats?

64
Q

What happens to the patella when the tendon of the quadriceps contracts?

A

it moves up/ glides upwards

65
Q

What happens to the patella when the patellar ligaments contact?

A

it is pulled/slid downwards

66
Q

How does the locking mechanism work in the hindlimb?

A

The quadriceps muscle contracts, pulling the patella upwards. The medial patellar ligament is hooked over the medial trochlea of the femur, and the limb is locked.

67
Q

How does the unlocking mechanism work in the hindlimb?

A
  1. the quadriceps are contracted again, pulling the patella up again
  2. the medial patellar ligament is lifted up and moves back to its original place
  3. the patella becomes loose and slides down into its usual position
68
Q

What are the parts of the reciprocal mechanism?

A
  • Peroneus Tertius
  • SDFT + DDF
  • Gastrocnemius
69
Q

The semitendinosus helps:

A

unlock the hip joint

70
Q

Why do horses lie down without putting weight on the stifle joint?

A

The amount of weight would shatter the joint

Veterinary Anatomy 1 (15 decks)

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