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Veterinary Anatomy 1 > Muscles of the Hindlimb (+ Crus) > Flashcards

Muscles of the Hindlimb (+ Crus) Flashcards

Origin, insertion, action, innervation, and identification of the hindlimb muscles. Primarily based off canine anatomy, but comparative anatomy is involved. Information pulled from many sources, but mostly my lectures.

1
Q

What 4 muscles are part of the caudal thigh (hamstring)?

A
  • Biceps femoris
  • Semitendinosus
  • Semimembranosus
  • Abductor
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2
Q

What 4 muscles are part of the medial thigh?

A
  • Sartorius (cranial + caudal)
  • Gracilis
  • Pectineus
  • Adductor
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3
Q

What 4 muscles are part of the lateral pelvis (rump)?

A
  • Tensor fascia latae
  • Superficial gluteal
  • Middle gluteal
  • Deep gluteal
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4
Q

What 4 muscles are part of the caudal hip?

A
  • Internal obturator
  • Gemelli
  • Quadratus femoris
  • External obturator
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5
Q

What 3 muscles are part of the cranial thigh?

A
  • Quadriceps femoris
  • Iliopsoas
  • Sartorius
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6
Q

What 3 muscles are part of the craniolateral leg (crus)?

A
  • Cranial tibial
  • Long digital extensor
  • Fibularis longus
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7
Q

What 4 muscles are part of the caudal leg (crus)?

A
  • Gastrocnemius
  • Superficial digital flexor
  • Deep digital flexors
  • Popliteus
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8
Q

What is the ORIGIN of biceps femoris?

A

Ischiatic tuberosity

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9
Q

What is the INSERTION of biceps femoris?

A

Patella, fascia lata, crural fascia

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10
Q

What is the ACTION of biceps femoris?

A
  • extends hip
  • flexes stifle (knee)
  • extends hock (ankle)
  • Stabilizes hip and stifle
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11
Q

What is the INNERVATION of biceps femoris?

A

sciatic nerve

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12
Q

What is the ORIGIN of the semitendinosus?

A

Ischiatic tuberosity

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13
Q

What is the INSERTION of the semitendinosus?

A
  • Crural fascia to medial body of tibia
  • tuber calcanei
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14
Q

What is the ACTION of the semitendinosus?

A
  • Extends hip
  • Extends hock
  • Flexes stifle
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15
Q

What is the INNERVATION of the semitendinosus?

A

Sciatic nerve

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16
Q

What is the ORIGIN of the semimembranosus?

A

Ischiatic tuberosity

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17
Q

What is the INSERTION of the semimembranosus?

A
  • Distal medial lip of femur
  • Medial condyle of tibia
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18
Q

What is the ACTION of the semimembranosus?

A
  • Extends hip
  • Extends stifle
    (weight bearing)
  • Flexes stifle
    (non-weight bearing)
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19
Q

What is the INNERVATION of the semimembranosus?

A

Sciatic nerve

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20
Q

What is the ORIGIN of the Caudal Crural Abductor (only in carnivores)?

A

Deep fascia of biceps femoris

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21
Q

What is the INSERTION of the Caudal Crural Abductor (only in carnivores)?

A

Cranial crural fascia

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22
Q

What is the ACTION of the Caudal Crural Abductor (only in carnivores)?

A
  • flexes stifle joint
  • abducts limb
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23
Q

What is the INNERVATION of the Caudal Crural Abductor (only in carnivores)?

A

Sciatic nerve

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24
Q

What is the ORIGIN of the Sartorius- Cranial head?

A

Iliac crest and
thoracolumbar fascia

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25
Q

What is the INSERTION of the Sartorius-Cranial head?

A

Patella

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26
Q

What is the ACTION of the Sartorius-Cranial head?

A
  • Hip flexion
  • Extends stifle
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27
Q

What is the INNERVATION of the Sartorius-Cranial head?

A

Femoral nerve

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28
Q

What is the ORIGIN of the Sartorius-Caudal/craniomedial head?

A

Ventral iliac spine/ventral border of the ilium

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29
Q

What is the INSERTION of the Sartorius-Caudal/craniomedial head?

A

Cranial border of tibia

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30
Q

What is the ACTION of the Sartorius-Caudal/craniomedial head?

A
  • Hip flexion
  • Flexes stifle
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31
Q

What is the INNERVATION of the Sartorius-Caudal/craniomedial head?

A

Femoral nerve

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32
Q

What is the ORIGIN of the Gracilis muscle?

A

Pelvic symphysis by symphysial tendon

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33
Q

What is the INSERTION of the Gracilis muscle?

A
  • Cranial border of tibia
  • Tuber calcanei
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34
Q

What is the ACTION of the Gracilis muscle?

A
  • Extends hip and hock
  • Adduct limb
  • Flexes stifle
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35
Q

What is the INNERVATION of the Gracilis muscle?

A

Obturator nerve

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36
Q

What is the ORIGIN of the Pectenius muscle?

A
  • Iliopubic eminence
  • Prepubic tendon
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37
Q

What is the INSERTION of the Pectenius muscle?

A

The distal end of the medial lip of the caudal femur

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38
Q

What is the ACTION of the Pectenius muscle?

A

Adduct limb

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39
Q

What is the INNERVATION of the Pectenius muscle?

A

Obturator nerve

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40
Q

What is the ORIGIN of the Adductor muscle?

A
  • Pelvic symphysis
  • Ventral surface of pubis and ischium
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41
Q

What is the INSERTION of the Adductor muscle?

A

lateral lip of the femur

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42
Q

What is the ACTION of the Adductor muscle?

A
  • Extends hip
  • Adducts limb
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43
Q

What is the INNERVATION of the Adductor muscle?

A

Obturator nerve

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44
Q

What is the ORIGIN of the Tensor fasciae latae muscle?

A

Tuber coxae

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45
Q

What is the INSERTION of the Tensor fasciae latae?

A

Fascia latae (aka lateral femoral fascia)

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46
Q

What is the ACTION of the Tensor fasciae latae?

A
  • Hip flexion
  • Extends stifle
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47
Q

What is the INNERVATION of the Tensor fasciae latae?

A

Cranial gluteal nerve

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48
Q

Where is the ORIGIN of the Superficial gluteal muscle?

A
  • Lateral sacrum
  • Sacrotuberous ligament
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49
Q

Where is the INSERTION of the Superficial gluteal muscle?

A

Third trochanter (trochanter tertius)

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50
Q

What is the ACTION of the Superficial Gluteal muscle?

A
  • Extends hip
  • Abduct limb
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51
Q

What is the INNERVATION of the Superficial Gluteal?

A

Caudal gluteal nerve

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52
Q

What is the ORIGIN of the Middle Gluteal muscle (Gluteus Medius)?

A

Gluteal surface of ilium

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53
Q

What is the INSERTION of the Middle Gluteal muscle (Gluteus Medius)?

A

Greater trochanter

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54
Q

What is the ACTION of the Middle Gluteal muscle (Gluteus Medius)?

A

Extends and abducts hip, and medial rotation of thigh

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55
Q

What is the INNERVATION of the Middle Gluteal muscle (Gluteus Medius)?

A

Cranial gluteal nerve

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56
Q

What is the ORIGIN of the Deep Gluteal muscle?

A

Body of ilium

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57
Q

What is the INSERTION of the Deep Gluteal muscle?

A

Greater trochanter

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58
Q

What is the ACTION of the Deep Gluteal muscle?

A

Extends and abducts hip, and medial rotation of thigh

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59
Q

What is the INNERVATION of the Deep Gluteal muscle?

A

Cranial gluteal nerve

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60
Q

What is the ORIGIN of the Internal Obturator muscle?

A
  • Pelvic symphysis
  • Dorsal surface of ischium
  • Pubis
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61
Q

What is the INSERTION of the Internal Obturator muscle?

A

Trochanteric fossa

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62
Q

What is the ACTION of the Internal Obturator?

A

Outward (lateral) rotation of hip

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63
Q

What is the INNERVATION of the Internal Obturator?

A

Sciatic nerve

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64
Q

What is the ORIGIN of the Gemelli muscle?

A

Lateral surface of ischium

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65
Q

What is the INSERTION of the Gemelli muscle?

A

Trochanteric fossa

66
Q

What is the ACTION of the Gemelli muscle?

A

Outward (lateral) rotation of hip

67
Q

What is the INNERVATION of the Gemelli muscle?

A

Sciatic nerve

68
Q

What is the ORIGIN of the Quadratus Femoris muscle?

A

Caudoventral surface of ischium

69
Q

What is the INSERTION of the Quadratus Femoris muscle?

A

Intertrochanteric crest

70
Q

What is the ACTION of the Quadratus Femoris muscle?

A

Extends and outward (lateral) rotation of hip

71
Q

What is the INNERVATION of the Quadratus Femoris muscle?

A

Sciatic nerve

72
Q

What is the ORIGIN of the External Obturator muscle?

A

Ventral surface of pubis and ischium

73
Q

What is the INSERTION of the External Obturator muscle?

A

Trochanteric fossa

74
Q

What is the ACTION of the External Obturator muscle?

A

Outward (lateral) rotation of hip

75
Q

What is the INNERVATION of the External Obturator muscle?

A

Obturator nerve

76
Q

What is the ORIGIN of the Rectus Femoris muscle?

A

Rectus femoris

77
Q

What is the INSERTION of the Rectus Femoris muscle?

A

Tibial tuberosity

78
Q

What is the ACTION of the Rectus Femoris muscle?

A

Hip flexion, extends stifle

79
Q

What is the INNERVATION of the Rectus Femoris muscle?

A

Femoral nerve

80
Q

What is the ORIGIN of the Vastus lateralis muscle?

A

Lateral lip of femur

81
Q

What is the INSERTION of the Vastus lateralis muscle?

A

Tibial tuberosity

82
Q

What is the ACTION of the Vastus lateralis muscle?

A

Extends stifle

83
Q

What is the INNERVATION of the Vastus lateralis muscle?

A

Femoral nerve

84
Q

What is the ORIGIN of the Vastus intermedius muscle?

A

Cranial surface of femur

85
Q

What is the INSERTION of the Vastus intermedius muscle?

A

Tibial tuberosity

86
Q

What is the ACTION of the Vastus intermedius muscle?

A

Extends stifle

87
Q

What is the INNERVATION of the Vastus intermedius muscle?

A

Femoral nerve

88
Q

Where is the ORIGIN of the Vastus medialis muscle?

A

Craniomedial aspect of femur

89
Q

What is the INSERTION of the Vastus medialis muscle?

A

Tibial tuberosity

90
Q

What is the ACTION of the Vastus medialis muscle?

A

Extends stifle

91
Q

What is the INNERVATION of the Vastus medialis muscle?

A

Femoral nerve

92
Q

What is the ORIGIN of the Iliopsoas muscle?

A

Lumbar vertebrae and cranioventral border of ilium

93
Q

What is the INSERTION of the Iliopsoas muscle?

A

Lesser trochanter

94
Q

What is the ACTION of the Iliopsoas muscle?

A

Hip and lumbar vertebral flexion

95
Q

What is the INNERVATION of the Iliopsoas muscle?

A

Femoral nerve and ventral branches of lumbar spinal nerve

96
Q

What is the ORIGIN of the Popliteus muscle?

A

Popliteal fossa

97
Q

What is the INSERTION of the Popliteus muscle?

A

Caudal/ medial proximal tibia

98
Q

What is the ACTION of the Popliteus muscle?

A
  • Flexes stifle
  • Medial rotation
  • Stabilizes knee (stifle)
99
Q

What is the INNERVATION of the Popliteus muscle?

A

Tibial nerve

100
Q

What is the ORIGIN of the Gastrocnemius muscle?

A

Lateral and medial supracondylar tuberosity

101
Q

What is the INSERTION of the Gastrocnemius muscle?

A

Tuber calcanei

102
Q

What is the ACTION of the Gastrocnemius muscle?

A

Flexes stifle, extends tarsus

103
Q

What is the INNERVATION of the Gastrocnemius muscle?

A

Tibial nerve

104
Q

What is the ORIGIN of the Superficial Digital Flexor muscle?

A

Lateral supracondylar tuberosity

105
Q

Where is the INNERVATION of the Superficial Digital Flexor muscle?

A

Middle phalanx P2 (digits II-V)

106
Q

What is the ACTION of the Superficial Digital Flexor?

A

Flexes stifle and digits, extends tarsus

107
Q

What is the INNERVATION of the Superficial Digital Flexor?

A

Tibial nerve

108
Q

What is the ORIGIN of the Lateral Digital Flexor muscle?

A
  • Caudal tibia
  • Caudal fibula
109
Q

What is the INSERTION of the Lateral Digital Flexor muscle?

A

Distal phalanx P3 (digits II-V)

110
Q

What is the ACTION of the Lateral Digital Flexor muscle?

A
  • Flexes stifle
  • Flexes digits
  • Extends tarsus
111
Q

What is the INNERVATION of the Lateral Digital Flexor muscle?

A

Tibial nerve

112
Q

What is the ORIGIN of the Medial Digital Flexor muscle?

A

Caudomedial tibia

113
Q

What is the INSERTION of the Medial Digital Flexor muscle?

A

Distal phalanx P3 (digits II-V)

114
Q

What is the ACTION of the Medial Digital Flexor muscle?

A
  • Flexes stifle
  • Flexes digits
  • Extends tarsus
115
Q

What is the INNERVATION of the Medial Digital Flexor muscle?

A

Tibial nerve

116
Q

What is the ORIGIN of the Caudal Tibial muscle?

A

Proximocaudal aspect of tibia

117
Q

What is the INSERTION of the Caudal Tibial muscle?

A

Medial ligament of tarsus

118
Q

What is the ACTION of the Caudal Tibial muscle?

A
  • Extends tarsus,
  • Pronation of pes
119
Q

What is the INNERVATION of the Caudal Tibial muscle?

A

Tibial nerve

120
Q

What is the ORIGIN of the Cranial Tibial muscle?

A

Lateral tibial crest

121
Q

What is the INSERTION of the Cranial Tibial muscle?

A

Metatarsal I and II

122
Q

What is the ACTION of the Cranial Tibial muscle?

A
  • Flexes tarsus
  • Medial rotation of pes
123
Q

What is the INNERVATION of the Cranial Tibial muscle?

A

Deep fibular nerve

124
Q

What is the ORIGIN of the Long Digital Extensor muscle?

A

Extensor fossa/groove of tibia

125
Q

What is the INSERTION of the Long Digital Extensor muscle?

A

Distal phalanx P3 (digits II-V)

126
Q

What is the ACTION of the Long Digital Extensor muscle?

A

Flexes tarsus, extends digits

127
Q

What is the INNERVATION of the Long Digital Extensor muscle?

A

Deep fibular nerve

128
Q

What is the ORIGIN of the Fibularis Longus muscle?

A

Lateral tibial condyle and fibular head

129
Q

What is the INSERTION of the Fibularis Longus muscle?

A
  • Plantar metatarsal
  • 4th tarsal bone
130
Q

What is the ACTION of the Fibularis Longus muscle?

A
  • Flexes tarsus
  • Pronation of pes
131
Q

What is the INNERVATION of the Fibularis Longus muscle?

A

Deep fibular nerve

132
Q

What is the ORIGIN of the Fibularis Brevis muscle?

A

Fibular shaft

133
Q

What is the INSERTION of the Fibularis Brevis muscle?

A

Proximal metatarsals V

134
Q

What is the ACTION of the Fibularis Brevis muscle?

A

Flexes tarsus

135
Q

What is the INNERVATION of the Fibularis Brevis muscle?

A

Deep fibular nerve

136
Q

What is the ORIGIN of the Lateral Digital Extensor muscle?

A

Proximal fibula

137
Q

What is the INSERTION of the Lateral Digital Extensor muscle?

A

Distal phalanx P3 (digits V)

138
Q

What is the ACTION of the Lateral Digital Extensor muscle?

A

Extends the 5th digit

139
Q

is the INNERVATION of the Lateral Digital Extensor muscle?

A

Superficial fibular nerve

140
Q

What 4 muscles make up the Quadriceps femoris?

A
  • Rectus Femoris
  • Vastus lateralis
  • Vastus intermedius
  • Vastus medialis
141
Q

What are the 3 heads of the Deep Digital Flexor muscle?

A
  • Lateral Digital Flexor
  • Medial Digital Flexor
  • Caudal Digital Flexor (may be absent)
142
Q

What is the Gluteocbiceps muscle? What animals have this muscle?

A
  • superficial gluteal muscle fused with the biceps femorus
  • Ruminants & bovine
143
Q

Which 6 muscles extend the hip?

A
  • Gluteal muscles (superficial, middle, deep)
  • Biceps femoris
  • Semitendinosus
  • Semimembranosus
144
Q

Which 3 muscles flex the hip?

A
  • Sartorius
  • Rectus femoris
  • Iliopsoas
145
Q

Which 3 muscles adduct the hip?

A
  • Gracilis
  • Adductor
  • Pectineus
146
Q

Which 2 muscles extend the stifle?

A
  • Quadriceps femoris
  • Sartorius (cranial head)
147
Q

Which 4 muscles flex the stifle?

A
  • Biceps femoris
  • Semitendinosus
  • Semimembranosus
  • Sartorius (caudal head)
148
Q

Which muscle extends the tarsus?

A
  • Gastrocnemius
149
Q

Which 3 muscles flex the tarsus?

A
  • Cranial tibial
  • Fibularis longus
  • Long digital extensor
150
Q

Which 2 muscles extend the digits?

A
  • Long digital extensor
  • Lateral digital extensor
151
Q

Which 2 muscles flex the digits?

A
  • Superficial digital flexor
  • Deep digital flexors
    (lateral digital flexor, medial digital flexor, caudal tibial muscle)
152
Q

Which muscles are part of the Caudal group of the Crus?

A
  • Gastrocnemius
  • Superficial digital flexor (SDF)
  • Deep digital flexor (DDF)
  • popliteus
153
Q

Which muscles are part of the Craniolateral group of the Crus?

A
  • Cranial tibia
  • Long digital extensor
  • Fibularis longus
  • Breves
  • Lateral digital extensor
154
Q

Are there any muscles on the medial aspect of the crus?

A

No
(this makes it a good surgical site)

155
Q

What muscles are superficial to the popliteal muscle?

A
  • Gastrocnemius
  • Superficial digital flexor
156
Q

What muscle is this? Please list the origin, insertion, action, and innervation.

A

Iliopsoas muscle

  • Origin: Lumbar vertebrae and cranioventral border of ilium
  • Insertion: Lesser trochanter
  • Action: Hip and lumbar vertebral flexion
  • Innervation: Femoral nerve and ventral branches of lumbar spinal nerve
157
Q

The deep caudal portion of the middle gluteal is readily separated from the main muscle mass and is called the _____ muscle.

A

piriformis muscle

158
Q

Identify the rectus femoris head of the quadriceps:

159
Q

Identify the vastus lateralis head of the quadriceps:

160
Q

Identify the vastus medialis head of the quadriceps:

161
Q

This is a video for hindlimb muscles:

A

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RN7CTj8mvZQ

Veterinary Anatomy 1 (15 decks)

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