Bones of the Hindlimb Flashcards
What are the bones of the hindlimb?
hip, femur, patella, tibia, fibula, tarsals, metatarsals, and digits
What is another name for the os coxa?
Hip
What are the 3 main bones of the pelvic girdle, or pelvis?
ilium, ischium, and pubis, they are fused.
Which bones of the pelvis girdle are the largest, most cranial and articulates with the sacrum?
ilium
Which bones of the pelvis are the most caudal?
ischium
Where does the pelvis unite mid-ventrally?
symphysis pubis
What is the name of the large foramen in the pelvis?
obturator
What/where is the acetabulum?
ball and socket joint of the hip, it is where all 3 bones of the hip meet and receives the greater head of the femur
The pelvic canal is also called?
birth canal
The pelvic canal has 2 parts?
inlet and outlet
The lateral wall of the pelvic canal is made of what?
ilium, ischium, and pubis
Describe the wing of the ilium?
Smooth, flares at the cranial portion and then tapers down narrowly into the body caudally
The sharp corners of the ilium are referred to as its?
spine
What are the tuber sacrale?
cranial dorsal iliac spine and caudal dorsal iliac spine
What are the tuber coxae?
cranial ventral iliac spine and caudal ventral iliac spine
Which muscles attach to the wing of the ilium?
sartorius and middle gluteal muscles originate
The lateral aspect of the ilium has a depression or fossa that forms what surface? What muscles attach there?
gluteal surface;
1) middle gluteal muscle
2) deep gluteal muscle
The medial surface of the ilium is rough and articulates with the sacrum, what is this surface called?
sacropelvic surface
What/where is the arcuate line?
It is on the ventral, medial border on the body of the ilium and serves as the attachment for the psoas muscles (part of the iliopsoas muscle that helps the dog contract its hip and connects the lower spine to the thigh/femur)
How many bones make up the acetabulum at birth? When do they fuse?
4 bones, fuse at 3 months
Inherited orthopaedic condition where the soft tissues that support the hip are looser than normal and the muscles that support the hip are poorly developed. The head of the femur slips in and out (subluxation) and becomes flattened like a mushroom?
hip dysplasia, puppies show signs about 5-8 months of age
What is the strongest bone in the body?
femur
What are the parts of the proximal femur?
1) femoral head (inserts into the acetabulum)
2) neck
3) greater trochanter
4) lesser trochanter
What part of the femur servers as the insertion site for the gamelli and obturators?
intertrochanteric fossa
Describe the body of the femur?
slightly convex cranially, with rough medial and lateral lips for muscle attachment
What are the parts of the distal femur?
1) trochlea
2) medial condyles
3) medial epicondyles
4) lateral condyles
5) lateral epicondyles
which portion of the femur articulates with the patella?
trochlear groove
what are the sesamoid bones in the gastrocnemius tendons?
fabellae
what part of the femur attaches the collateral ligaments?
epicondyles
what is another name for the tarsal bones?
the hock
how many bones make up the tarsal bones? what are they? how are they arranged?
7; arranged in 3 irregular rows
1) calcaneus
2) talus
3) central tarsal bone
4) tarsal bone I
5) tarsal bone II
6) tarsal bone III
7) tarsal bone IV
Which bones are the most proximal row of the tarsal bones?
calcaneus and talus
Another name for hindpaw?
pes
Another name for forepaw?
manus
Which digit is frequently absent? and its other name if present?
1st ; dewclaw
Which bone of the appendicular skeleton have condyles in its proximal articular surface?
A) Fibula
B) Humerus
C) Tibia
D) Radius
C, tibia
Which of the following is NOT true about the tarsus in dogs?
A) They are arranged in three irregular rows
B) They middle row consist of a single bone
C) The proximal row consists of three bones
D) The distal row consists of four bones
C - The proximal row consists of three bones is false. There are only 2 bones, the calcaneus and talus.
Which of the following is NOT true about the proximal row of the tarsus in dogs?
A) It has three bones
B) The first bone in its medial side is the ‘’talus”
C) The last bone on its lateral s the calcaneus
D) The first bone in its medial side articulates with the cochlea of the tibia
A - It has three bones is false…there are only 2, the calcaneus laterally and talus medially
What is the largest sesamoid bone in the leg?
patella
The gastrocnemius muscle in dogs has two sesamoid bones called the ________, one in each head of the muscle. They are embedded in the tendons of the gastrocnemius muscle
fabellae