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Veterinary Anatomy 1 > Bones of the Hindlimb > Flashcards

Bones of the Hindlimb Flashcards

1
Q

What are the bones of the hindlimb?

A

hip, femur, patella, tibia, fibula, tarsals, metatarsals, and phalanges (digits)

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2
Q

What is another name for the os coxa (ossa coxarum)?

A

Hip bone. Formed by the fusion of 3 primary bones.

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3
Q

What is the pelvic girdle comprised of?

A

2 hip bones united at the pelvic symphysis midventrally which join the sacrum dorsally

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4
Q

What are the 3 main bones of the pelvic girdle, or pelvis?

A
  • ilium
  • ischium
  • pubis
    they are fused.
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5
Q

Which part of the pelvic girdle is the largest, most cranial, and articulates with the sacrum?

A

ilium

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6
Q

Which part of the pelvic girdle is the most caudal?

A

ischium

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7
Q

Which part of the pelvic girdle is ventromedial to the ilium, and cranial to the large obturator foramen?

A

pubis

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8
Q

Where does the pelvis unite mid-ventrally?

A

symphysis pubis

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9
Q

What is the name of the large foramen in the pelvis?

A

obturator foramen

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10
Q

What/where is the acetabulum?

A

ball and socket joint of the hip, it is where all 3 bones of the hip meet and articulate with the greater head of the femur

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11
Q

The pelvic canal is also called the _______.

A

birth canal

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12
Q

What are the 2 parts of the pelvic (birth) canal?

A

pelvic inlet and outlet

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13
Q

What makes up the lateral wall of the pelvic canal?

A

ilium, ischium, and pubis

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14
Q

Describe the wing of the ilium.

A

Smooth, flares at the cranial portion and then tapers down narrowly into the body caudally

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15
Q

What is the part of the ilium where the borders meet called?

A

the spine

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16
Q

What makes up the tuber sacrale?

A

The cranial and caudal dorsal iliac spine

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17
Q

What makes up the tuber coxae?

A

cranial ventral iliac spine
caudal ventral iliac spine

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18
Q

What is the origin of the rectus femoris?

A

The lateral area for the rectus femoris

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19
Q

Label the parts of the os coxa:

A

A- Ilium
B- Ischium
C- pelvis

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20
Q

Where does the hip articulate with the sacral bone?

A

The tuber sacrale

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21
Q

Which muscles originate from the iliac crest?

A

sartorius m.
middle gluteal m.

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22
Q

The lateral aspect of the ilium has a depression or fossa that forms what surface? What 2 muscles attach there?

A

gluteal surface;
1) middle gluteal muscle
2) deep gluteal muscle

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23
Q

The medial surface of the ilium is rough and articulates with the sacrum, what is this surface called?

A

sacropelvic surface

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24
Q

What/where is the arcuate line?

A
  • It a border on the is on the ventral medial side of the body of the ilium
  • serves as the attachment for the psoas muscles
    (part of the iliopsoas muscle that helps the dog contract its hip and connects the lower spine to the thigh/femur)
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25
Q

How many bones make up the acetabulum at birth? When do they fuse?

A

4 bones, fuse at 3 months

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26
Q

What is the inherited orthopedic condition where the soft tissues that support the hip are looser than normal and the muscles that support the hip are poorly developed? The head of the femur slips in and out (subluxation) and becomes flattened like a mushroom.

A

hip dysplasia
- common in dogs, mostly larger dogs
-puppies show signs about 5-8 months of age

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27
Q

What are 5 symptoms of hip dysplasia?

A
  • hip instability
  • arthritis
  • pain
  • fragments of bone
  • laxity (loose fit of hip joint)
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28
Q

What is the strongest bone in the body?

A

femur

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29
Q

The head of the femur articulates with the:

A

acetabulum (os coxa)

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30
Q

What are the parts of the proximal femur?

A

1) femoral head (inserts into the acetabulum)
2) neck
3) greater trochanter
4) lesser trochanter

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31
Q

What part of the femur do the gemelli and obturators insert into?

A

intertrochanteric fossa

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32
Q

Describe the body of the femur?

A

slightly convex cranially, with rough medial and lateral lips for muscle attachment

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33
Q

What are the parts of the distal femur?

A

1) trochlea
2) medial condyles
3) medial epicondyles
4) lateral condyles
5) lateral epicondyles

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34
Q

The trochlear groove (femur) articulates with the:

A

patella

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35
Q

what are the sesamoid bones in the gastrocnemius tendons called?

A

fabellae (caudally)

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36
Q

what part of the femur attaches the collateral ligaments?

A

the epicondyles

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37
Q

What is the origin of the gastrocnemius and superficial digital flexor muscles?

A

the supracondylar tuberosities

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38
Q

The extensor fossa (femur) gives rise to the _______.

A

long digital extensor m.

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39
Q

what is another name for the tarsus?

A

the hock

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40
Q

Where is the tarsus (hock)?

A

between the metatarsals and the leg

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41
Q

How many tarsal bones are there?

A

7

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42
Q

What are the names of the tarsal bones?

A

1) calcaneus
2) talus
3) central tarsal bone
4) tarsal bone I
5) tarsal bone II
6) tarsal bone III
7) tarsal bone IV

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43
Q

Which bones make up the proximal row of the tarsal bones?

A
  • calcaneus
  • talus
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44
Q

The calcaneus articulates distally with the ___ tarsal bone.

A

4th tarsal bone

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45
Q

Which bones make up the distal row of the tarsus

A
  • 1st, 2nd, 3rd tarsal bones
  • central tarsal bone
  • 4th tarsal bone
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46
Q

Another name for hindpaw?

A

pes

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47
Q

Another name for forepaw?

A

manus

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48
Q

Which digit is frequently absent?

A

1st

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49
Q

The 1st digit is also referred to as the ___ when present.

A

dewclaw

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50
Q

Which bone of the appendicular skeleton has condyles in its proximal articular surface?

A

tibia

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51
Q

Which of the following is NOT true about the tarsus in dogs?
A) They are arranged in three irregular rows
B) They middle row consist of a single bone
C) The proximal row consists of three bones
D) The distal row consists of four bones

A

C - The proximal row consists of three bones is false. There are only 2 bones, the calcaneus and talus.

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52
Q

Which of the following is NOT true about the proximal row of the tarsus in dogs?
A) It has three bones
B) The first bone in its medial side is the ‘’talus”
C) The last bone on its lateral s the calcaneus
D) The first bone in its medial side articulates with the cochlea of the tibia

A

A - It has three bones is false…there are only 2, the calcaneus laterally and talus medially

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53
Q

What is the largest sesamoid bone in the leg?

A

patella

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54
Q

The gastrocnemius muscle in dogs has two sesamoid bones called the ________, one in each head of the muscle. They are embedded in the tendons of the gastrocnemius muscle

A

fabellae

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55
Q

Left Lateral Pelvis

Name the highlighted structure:

A

body of the ischium

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56
Q

Left Lateral Pelvis

Name the highlighted structure:

A

wing of the ilium

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57
Q

Left Lateral Pelvis

Name the highlighted structure:

A

body of the ilium

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58
Q

Left Lateral Pelvis

Name the highlighted structure:

A

pubis

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59
Q

Left Lateral Pelvis

Name the highlighted structure:

A

cranial dorsal iliac spine

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60
Q

Left Lateral Pelvis

Name the highlighted structure:

A

caudal dorsal iliac spine

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61
Q

Left Lateral Pelvis

Name the highlighted structure:

A

cranial ventral iliac spine

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62
Q

Left Lateral Pelvis

Name the highlighted structure:

A

caudal ventral iliac spine

63
Q

Left Lateral Pelvis

Name the highlighted structure (yellow):

A

acetabular fossa
(within the acetabulum [orange])

64
Q

Left Lateral Pelvis

Name the highlighted structure (yellow):

A

lunate surface
(within the acetabulum)

65
Q

Left Lateral Pelvis

Name the highlighted structure:

A

lesser ischiatic notch

66
Q

Left Lateral Pelvis

Name the highlighted structure:

A

greater ischiatic notch

67
Q

Left Lateral Pelvis

Name the highlighted structure:

A

gluteal surface

68
Q

Left Lateral Pelvis

Name the highlighted structure:

A

iliac crest

69
Q

Left Lateral Pelvis

Name the highlighted structure:

A

tuber coxae

70
Q

Left Lateral Pelvis

Name the highlighted structure:

A

tuber sacrale

71
Q

Left Lateral Pelvis

Name the highlighted structure:

A

wing of the ilium

72
Q

Name the highlighted structure:

A

obturator sulcus

73
Q

Left Lateral Pelvis

Name the highlighted structure:

A

ischiatic spine

74
Q

Left Lateral Pelvis

Name the highlighted structure:

A

ramus of the ischium

75
Q

Left Lateral Pelvis

Name the highlighted structure:

A

cranial ramus

76
Q

Left Lateral Pelvis

Name the highlighted structure:

A

caudal ramus

77
Q

Left Lateral Pelvis

Name the highlighted structure:

A

pubic tubercle

78
Q

Which part of the os coxa is referred to as the ‘pin bone’?

A

ischiatic tuberosity

79
Q

Left Lateral Pelvis

Name the highlighted structure:

A

iliopubic eminence

80
Q

The lesser ischiatic notch is bridged dorsally by the ___ _____.

A

sacrotuberous ligament

81
Q

Left Lateral Pelvis

Name the highlighted structure:

82
Q

Left Lateral Pelvis

Name the highlighted structure:

A

obturator foramen

83
Q

Name the highlighted structure:

A

pelvic symphysis

84
Q

Left Lateral Pelvis

Name the highlighted structure:

A

ischiatic tuberosity

85
Q

Where is the pelvic tubercule formed?

A

Where the right and left pectines meet one another on the ventral midline at the pubic symphysis

86
Q

Which nerve passes through the obturator foramen?

A

obturator n.

87
Q

What causes hip luxation/ coxofemoral luxation?

A

trauma. the femoral head slips out of the socket.
(the ligaments or soft tissues around the joint have been injured and are unable to keep the femoral head in place)

88
Q

What 6 things course along the region of the popliteal surface?

A
  • popliteal artery
  • popliteal vein
  • popliteal nerve
  • popliteal lymph nodes
  • tibial nerve
  • peroneal nerve
89
Q

Femur labeled diagram: use it to label parts of bones in person

90
Q

The femur is also known as the ____ _____.

A

ossa longa

91
Q

What is the role of the patella?

A

to protect tendons and joints

92
Q

What parts of the femur articulate with the tibia?

A
  • lateral condyle
  • medial condyle
  • intercondylar fossa
93
Q

Femur

Please identify the extensor fossa

94
Q

Femur

Please identify the facies aspera

95
Q

Femur

Please identify the femoral body

96
Q

Femur

Please identify the femoral head

97
Q

Femur

Please identify the fovea capitis femoris

A

(within femoral head)

98
Q

Femur

Please identify the femoral neck

99
Q

Femur

Please identify the femoral trochlea

100
Q

Femur

Please identify the greater trochanter

101
Q

Femur

Please identify the intercondyler fossa

102
Q

Femur

Please identify the intertrochanteric crest

103
Q

Femur

Please identify the lateral condyle

104
Q

Femur

Please identify the lateral epicondyle of the femur

105
Q

Femur

Please identify the lateral supracondylar tuberosity

106
Q

of tFemur

Please identify the lesser trochanter

107
Q

of tFemur

Please identify the medial condyle

108
Q

Femur

Please identify the Medial epicondyle of the femur

109
Q

Femur

Please identify the medial supracondylar tuberosity

110
Q

What causes trochlear dysplasia?

A

Poor development of the femoral trochlea, leading to a shallow patellar groove that doesn’t provide an area where the patella is supposed to rest in between the trochlea

111
Q

Femur

Please identify the popliteal surface

112
Q

Femur

Please identify the third trochanter

113
Q

Femur

Please identify the trochanteric fossa

114
Q

The tibia is also referred to as the _____.

115
Q

The fibula/tibial area is referred to as the ____.

A

-crus
-true leg

116
Q

What creates the tibial tuberosity?

A

sharp prominence at the cranial end of the proximal tibia

117
Q

Tibia

Name the highlighted structure:

A

Body of the tibia

118
Q

Tibia

Name the highlighted structure:

A

cranial border of the tibia

119
Q

Tibia

Name the highlighted structure:

A

extensor groove

120
Q

Tibia

Name the highlighted structure:

A

intercondylar eminence

121
Q

Tibia

Name the highlighted structure:

A

lateral condyle of the tibia

122
Q

Tibia

Name the highlighted structure:

A

medial condyle of the tibia

123
Q

Tibia

Name the highlighted structure:

A

medial malleolus

124
Q

Tibia

Name the highlighted structure:

A

popliteal notch/fossa

125
Q

Tibia

Name the highlighted structure:

A

tibial cochlea

126
Q

Tibia

Name the highlighted structure:

A

tibial tuberosity

127
Q

The tibial tuberosity provides attachment for the ______ ___.

A

patellar ligament
(quadriceps femoris?)

128
Q

Hip articulation

Please identify the femoral head

129
Q

Hip articulation

Please identify the greater trochanter

130
Q

Hip articulation

Please identify the lesser trochanter

131
Q

Hip articulation

Please identify the pubis

132
Q

Pelvic limb

Please identify the fabellae

133
Q

Tibia/fibula

Please identify the medial condyle of the tibia

134
Q

Pelvis

Please identify the pelvic tubercle

135
Q

Please identify the patella

136
Q

Tarsum

Please identify the talus

137
Q

Which muscle passes through the extensor groove?

A

long digital extensor m.

138
Q

The distal articular surface of the tibia forms two deep grooves, together called the ______.

139
Q

The cochlea articulates with the _____.

140
Q

The tibial tuberosity provides attachment for the ___ ____.

A

patellar ligament

141
Q

The head of the fibula articulates with the:

A

lateral condyle of the tibia

142
Q

The body of the fibula is attached to the adjacent
tibia in life by a:

A

collagenous interosseous membrane

143
Q

Is the fibula weight-bearing?

A

No (essentially)

144
Q

Fibula

Name the highlighted structure:

A

fibular body

145
Q

Name the highlighted structure:

A

fibular head

146
Q

Fibula

Name the highlighted structure:

A

lateral malleolus

147
Q

What is included as part of the pes?

A
  • tarsals
  • metatarsals
  • phalanges/digits
148
Q

Tarsus

Please identify the 1st tarsal

149
Q

Tarsus

Please identify the 2nd tarsal

150
Q

Tarsus

Please identify the 3rd tarsal

151
Q

Tarsus

Please identify the 4th tarsal

152
Q

Tarsus

Please identify the calcaneus

153
Q

Tarsus

Please identify the central tarsal bone

154
Q

Tarsus

Please identify the talus

Veterinary Anatomy 1 (15 decks)

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