Bones of the Hindlimb Flashcards

1
Q
A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the bones of the hindlimb?

A

hip, femur, patella, tibia, fibula, tarsals, metatarsals, and digits

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is another name for the os coxa?

A

Hip

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the 3 main bones of the pelvic girdle, or pelvis?

A

ilium, ischium, and pubis, they are fused.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Which bones of the pelvis girdle are the largest, most cranial and articulates with the sacrum?

A

ilium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Which bones of the pelvis are the most caudal?

A

ischium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Where does the pelvis unite mid-ventrally?

A

symphysis pubis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the name of the large foramen in the pelvis?

A

obturator

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What/where is the acetabulum?

A

ball and socket joint of the hip, it is where all 3 bones of the hip meet and receives the greater head of the femur

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

The pelvic canal is also called?

A

birth canal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

The pelvic canal has 2 parts?

A

inlet and outlet

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

The lateral wall of the pelvic canal is made of what?

A

ilium, ischium, and pubis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Describe the wing of the ilium?

A

Smooth, flares at the cranial portion and then tapers down narrowly into the body caudally

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

The sharp corners of the ilium are referred to as its?

A

spine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are the tuber sacrale?

A

cranial dorsal iliac spine and caudal dorsal iliac spine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are the tuber coxae?

A

cranial ventral iliac spine and caudal ventral iliac spine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Which muscles attach to the wing of the ilium?

A

sartorius and middle gluteal muscles originate

18
Q

The lateral aspect of the ilium has a depression or fossa that forms what surface? What muscles attach there?

A

gluteal surface;
1) middle gluteal muscle
2) deep gluteal muscle

19
Q

The medial surface of the ilium is rough and articulates with the sacrum, what is this surface called?

A

sacropelvic surface

20
Q

What/where is the arcuate line?

A

It is on the ventral, medial border on the body of the ilium and serves as the attachment for the psoas muscles (part of the iliopsoas muscle that helps the dog contract its hip and connects the lower spine to the thigh/femur)

21
Q

How many bones make up the acetabulum at birth? When do they fuse?

A

4 bones, fuse at 3 months

22
Q

Inherited orthopaedic condition where the soft tissues that support the hip are looser than normal and the muscles that support the hip are poorly developed. The head of the femur slips in and out (subluxation) and becomes flattened like a mushroom?

A

hip dysplasia, puppies show signs about 5-8 months of age

23
Q

What is the strongest bone in the body?

24
Q

What are the parts of the proximal femur?

A

1) femoral head (inserts into the acetabulum)
2) neck
3) greater trochanter
4) lesser trochanter

25
Q

What part of the femur servers as the insertion site for the gamelli and obturators?

A

intertrochanteric fossa

26
Q

Describe the body of the femur?

A

slightly convex cranially, with rough medial and lateral lips for muscle attachment

27
Q

What are the parts of the distal femur?

A

1) trochlea
2) medial condyles
3) medial epicondyles
4) lateral condyles
5) lateral epicondyles

28
Q

which portion of the femur articulates with the patella?

A

trochlear groove

29
Q

what are the sesamoid bones in the gastrocnemius tendons?

30
Q

what part of the femur attaches the collateral ligaments?

A

epicondyles

31
Q

what is another name for the tarsal bones?

32
Q

how many bones make up the tarsal bones? what are they? how are they arranged?

A

7; arranged in 3 irregular rows
1) calcaneus
2) talus
3) central tarsal bone
4) tarsal bone I
5) tarsal bone II
6) tarsal bone III
7) tarsal bone IV

33
Q

Which bones are the most proximal row of the tarsal bones?

A

calcaneus and talus

34
Q

Another name for hindpaw?

35
Q

Another name for forepaw?

36
Q

Which digit is frequently absent? and its other name if present?

A

1st ; dewclaw

37
Q

Which bone of the appendicular skeleton have condyles in its proximal articular surface?
A) Fibula
B) Humerus
C) Tibia
D) Radius

38
Q

Which of the following is NOT true about the tarsus in dogs?
A) They are arranged in three irregular rows
B) They middle row consist of a single bone
C) The proximal row consists of three bones
D) The distal row consists of four bones

A

C - The proximal row consists of three bones is false. There are only 2 bones, the calcaneus and talus.

39
Q

Which of the following is NOT true about the proximal row of the tarsus in dogs?
A) It has three bones
B) The first bone in its medial side is the ‘’talus”
C) The last bone on its lateral s the calcaneus
D) The first bone in its medial side articulates with the cochlea of the tibia

A

A - It has three bones is false…there are only 2, the calcaneus laterally and talus medially

40
Q

What is the largest sesamoid bone in the leg?

41
Q

The gastrocnemius muscle in dogs has two sesamoid bones called the ________, one in each head of the muscle. They are embedded in the tendons of the gastrocnemius muscle