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MRCPCH > Stats > Flashcards

Stats Flashcards

1
Q

What is the purpose of ANOVA ?

A

demonstrate statistically significant differences between the means of several groups (normal distribution required)

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2
Q

Which type of statistical plots are typically used in meta-analyses?

A

Forest plots

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3
Q

What is the purpose of a phase I clinical trial?

A

Study pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics and side-effects

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4
Q

What is the purpose of a phase II clinical trial?

A

Assess efficacy and dosage

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5
Q

What is the purpose of a phase III clinical trial?

A

Assess effectiveness

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6
Q

What is the purpose of a phase IV clinical trial?

A

Post marketing surveillance

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7
Q

How is the standard error of the mean (SEM) calculated?

A

SEM = SD / square root (n)

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8
Q

What is meant by a type I error?

A

False positive

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9
Q

What is meant by a type II error?

A

False negative

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10
Q

What is meant by positively skewed distribution?

A

mean > median > mode

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11
Q

What is meant by negatively skewed distribution?

A

mean < median < mode

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12
Q

What % of values lie within 1 SE of the mean?

A

68.3%

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13
Q

What % of values lie within 2 SE of the mean?

A

95.4%

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14
Q

What % of values lie within 3 SE of the mean?

A

99.7%

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15
Q

Box and whisker plots are used to display…

A

Median, IQ ranges etc

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16
Q

A funnel plot is used to show…

A

existence of publication bias in meta-analyses

17
Q

What is meant by nominal data?

A

Observed values can be put into set categories which have no particular order or hierarchy

18
Q

What is meant by ordinal data?

A

Observed values can be put into set categories which themselves can be ordered

19
Q

What is meant by discrete data?

A

Observed values are confined to a certain values

20
Q

What is meant by continuous data?

A

Data can take any value with certain range

21
Q

How is variance calculated?

A

square of standard deviation

22
Q

What is the formula for negative likelihood ratio?

A

LR = (1-Sensitivity)/Specificity

23
Q

What does a kappa score measure?

A

Agreement between two variables

24
Q

What kappa score indicates complete agreement?

A

1

25
Q

What is meant by the specificity of a test?

A

% of those without the disease who test negative

26
Q

What is meant by sensitivity?

A

Proportion with disease who have positive test

27
Q

What is meant by PPV?

A

Chance of having disease if +ve test

28
Q

What is meant by NPV?

A

Chance does not have disease if -ve

MRCPCH (11 decks)

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