Pharmacology

Question 1

What is meant by a Type A drug reaction?

Answer 1

Augmented - dose dependent, frequent, predictable, explained by drug pharmacology

Question 2

What is meant by a Type B drug reaction?

Answer 2

Bizarre - dose independent, rare, not explained by drug pharmacology

Question 3

What is meant by a Type C drug reaction?

Answer 3

Chronic - dose and time dependent, long-term use

Question 4

What is meant by a Type D drug reaction?

Answer 4

Delayed - very rare

Question 5

What is meant by a Type E drug reaction?

Answer 5

End of treatment - due to withdrawal/relapse

Question 6

What is the mechanism of cyclopentolate?

Answer 6

M1 muscarinic ACh antagonist

Question 7

What is the main adverse effect of dobutamine?

Answer 7

Risk of rapid ventricular response

Question 8

What is the MOA of Omeprazole?

Answer 8

H+/K+ATPase pump inhibitor

Question 9

What are the topical steroids in order of potency?

Answer 9

Hydrocortisone 0.1% < Eumovate < Betnovate < Dermovate

Question 10

Which anti-epileptic can cause ataxia?

Answer 10

Lamotrigine

Question 11

What is the mechanism of methylphenidate?

Answer 11

Dopamine and NE reuptake inhibitor

Question 12

What is the main side effect of protease inhibitors?

Answer 12

Dyslipidaemia

Question 13

How many half lives does it take for drug elimination?

Answer 13

4-5 half lives

Question 14

What is an important long term side effect of cyclosporin?

Answer 14

Chronic interstitial nephritis

Question 15

Which electrolyte abnormality can be associated with salbutamol use?

Answer 15

Hypokalaemja

Question 16

What is the mechanism of Fomepizole?

Answer 16

Alcohol dehydrogenase inhibitor

Question 17

What is the mechanism of Trimethoprim?

Answer 17

interferes with DNA synthesis by inhibiting dihydrofolate reductase

Question 18

What is the mechanism of inflixamab?

Answer 18

TNF-alpha inhibitor

Question 19

What is the MOA of loop diuretics?

Answer 19

Inhibits N+/K+/Cl- pump in thick ascending loop of Henle

Question 20

What is the MOA of thiazide diuretics?

Answer 20

Inhibits Na/Cl pump in DCT

Question 21

What is the mechanism of ranitidine?

Answer 21

H2 antagonist

Question 22

What is the MOA of anti-histamines?

Answer 22

H1 antagonist`

Question 23

Cephalosporins mainly cover which kind of organisms?

Answer 23

Gram negative

Question 24

What is the MOA of milrinone?

Answer 24

PDE-III inhibitor

Question 25

What is the MOA of LMWHs?

Answer 25

Anti-thrombin dependent inactivation of Factor Xa

Question 26

Which antibiotics bind to the 50s sub-unit?

Answer 26

Chloramphenicol, macrolides, clindamycin

Question 27

Which renal complication is associated with acetazolamide?

Answer 27

Acute interstitial nephritis (AIN)

Question 28

What is the mechanism of NAC?

Answer 28

Increases glutathione production by providing cysteine

Question 29

What is the target for toculizumab?

Answer 29

IL-6

Question 30

What is the MOA of Gentamicin?

Answer 30

Binds to 30s sub-unit to inhibit protein synthesis

Question 31

What is the MOA of adenosine?

Answer 31

Acts on A1 receptors in AV node to reduce conduction velocity

Question 32

What is the MOA of amiodarone?

Answer 32

K+ channel blocker

Question 33

Which class of anti-depressants increase the risk of GI bleeding?

Answer 33

SSRIs

Question 34

What is the most common side effect of quinine?

Answer 34

Tinnitus

Question 35

Which steroid medication has least mineralocorticoid effect?

Answer 35

Dexamethasone

Question 36

Why is ceftriaxone avoided in neonates?

Answer 36

Increases bilirubin

Question 37

Which anti-TB medication is associated with peripheral neuropathy?

Answer 37

Isoniazid

Question 38

What is the mechanism of sumatriptan?

Answer 38

5HT-1D receptor agonist resulting in vasoconstriction of cranial blood vessels

Question 39

Which anti-epileptics may interfere with oral contraceptives?

Answer 39

Enzyme inducers - phenytoin, carbemazepine, topiramate

Question 40

What is the MOA of azathioprine in immunosuppression?

Answer 40

Inhibition of purine nucleoside synthesis

Question 41

What is the MOA of anankinra?

Answer 41

IL-1 inhibitor

Question 42

What is the MOA of adalimumab?

Answer 42

Anti-TNF-alpha

Question 43

What class of antibiotics does Vancomycin belong to?

Answer 43

Glycopeptide

Question 44

What class of antibiotics does Gentamicin belong to?

Answer 44

Aminoglycosides

Question 45

What is the MOA of Atomoxetine?

Answer 45

Selective NE re-uptake inhibitor

Question 46

Which type of insulin are found in insulin pumps?

Answer 46

Short-acting

Question 47

Which monoclonal antibody may be used for asthma?

Answer 47

Omalizumab

Question 48

Which monoclonal antibody may be used for ITP?

Answer 48

Rituxamab

Question 49

Which vitamin should be co-prescribed with orlistat?

Answer 49

Vitamin D