MSK Flashcards
When would bow legs be expected to resolve?
By age 3
Which features must be present to diagnose flat feet?
Painless, flexible and corrects on toe extension / tip toes
By what age does in-toeing usually resolve?
8 years
‘Knock knees’ are usually a normal variant in children of what age?
2 - 5 years
Tip-toe walking is usually a normal variant in children of what age?
Up to age 3
What is meant by a ‘Toddler’s fracture’?
Spiral # of tibia caused by twisting action
What is Sever’s disease?
Heel pain due to achilles overuse/microtrauma
Anterior knee pain in teenager climbing stairs suggests…
Chondromalacia patellae
What are the key risk factors for DDH?
Multiple pregnancy
1st degree FH
Breech
What does ortolani’s test suggest?
Hip out, relocated
How is ortolani’s test performed?
Abduct hip, upward force on greater trochanter
What does Barlow’s test suggest?
Hip can be posteriorly dislocated
How is Barlow’s test performed?
Hip and knee flexed, pressure on knee
Which children may need a hip USS to rule out DDH?
All children with abnormal newborn hip exam or any risk factors (first-degree relative, multip pregnancy or breech)
How is Duchenne MD inherited?
X-linked recessive
Which protein is defective in Duchenne MD?
Dystrophin
At what age does Duchenne MD tend to present?
3-5 years
What is the life expectancy for boys with Duchenne MD?
25 - 35 years
How does Becker’s MD differ from Duchenne’s?
gene less severely affected, later onset 8-12 years
