MSK

Question 1

When would bow legs be expected to resolve?

Answer 1

By age 3

Question 2

Which features must be present to diagnose flat feet?

Answer 2

Painless, flexible and corrects on toe extension / tip toes

Question 3

By what age does in-toeing usually resolve?

Answer 3

8 years

Question 4

‘Knock knees’ are usually a normal variant in children of what age?

Answer 4

2 - 5 years

Question 5

Tip-toe walking is usually a normal variant in children of what age?

Answer 5

Up to age 3

Question 6

What is meant by a ‘Toddler’s fracture’?

Answer 6

Spiral # of tibia caused by twisting action

Question 7

What is Sever’s disease?

Answer 7

Heel pain due to achilles overuse/microtrauma

Question 8

Anterior knee pain in teenager climbing stairs suggests…

Answer 8

Chondromalacia patellae

Question 9

What are the key risk factors for DDH?

Answer 9

Multiple pregnancy
1st degree FH
Breech

Question 10

What does ortolani’s test suggest?

Answer 10

Hip out, relocated

Question 11

How is ortolani’s test performed?

Answer 11

Abduct hip, upward force on greater trochanter

Question 12

What does Barlow’s test suggest?

Answer 12

Hip can be posteriorly dislocated

Question 13

How is Barlow’s test performed?

Answer 13

Hip and knee flexed, pressure on knee

Question 14

Which children may need a hip USS to rule out DDH?

Answer 14

All children with abnormal newborn hip exam or any risk factors (first-degree relative, multip pregnancy or breech)

Question 15

How is Duchenne MD inherited?

Answer 15

X-linked recessive

Question 16

Which protein is defective in Duchenne MD?

Answer 16

Dystrophin

Question 17

At what age does Duchenne MD tend to present?

Answer 17

3-5 years

Question 18

What is the life expectancy for boys with Duchenne MD?

Answer 18

25 - 35 years

Question 19

How does Becker’s MD differ from Duchenne’s?

Answer 19

gene less severely affected, later onset 8-12 years