Statistical Thinking Flashcards
How to plan your study?
Ask a testable research question and how you want to collect the data
Examining the data
What’s the best way to examine it, with graphs relevant, descriptive statistics, patterns?(what you should look for)
Inferring the data
What is the probability that some thing just happened by chance
Drawing a conclusion
What conclusion did you come to, cause an affect (if one variable is causing changes to another variable, versus other variables that may relate to the two variables)
Statistics provide a ______basis for conclusions drawn
Quantitative
Descriptive statistics include
Frequency distribution’s, rank order (low to high) score, create intervals, note frequencies
Measures of central tendency
I mean, median, mode
Mean
Average score, some of scores divided by total number of scores
Median
Middle score, splits in half
Mode
Occurs most often
Measures of variability, Range
Difference between highest and lowest scores of the distribution, subtraction
Standard deviation
Standard of dispersion of a set of values
Low standard deviation
Closer to the mean
High standard deviation
Spread out over wider range
Inferential statistics
Tells us which entrances can be made from her sample and what conclusion we can drive from it, example seen the evidence and if we should really care about it
P value
Observing the particular outcome of a sample, or more extreme, under a conjecture about larger population or process
Statistical significance
P is less than 0.05 a.k.a. 5%
It is the cut off value for determining if something should be believed to be not a fluke
When with stricter probability be used
When making a vaccine
Sample
Collection of individuals from which we collect data
Random sampling
Everyone can get chosen equally, computer chooses
Parameter
Numerical result summarizing population example mean or proportion
