Nervous System Flashcards
Brain legion are sets of _____ neurons
Interconnected
Humans have ______ brains and are very ___________ because of all the folds
Large, convoluted
In the human brain because we have so many folds we can hold lots of __________
Information
Humans have on average more ______ per neuron and more synapses per any given _______ in the brain
Dendrites, neurons
Most of the differences in our brain happen on the ______ most layer of the brain
Outer(cortex)
Even though human brains are different there lots of ________ aspects between us and animals
Common
CNS
Central nervous system Brain and spinal chords
PNS
Peripheral nervous system , Everything outside the brain and spinal cord
The peripheral nervous system includes
Somatic system, autonomic system
Cranial and spinal, parasympathetic, sympathetic
In order for something to be in the Central nervous system
It must start and end in the central nervous system
Somatic nervous system
Processes sensory information and controls the voluntary muscle movements
Ex) move eyes, wave hands
Autonomic nervous system
Things that you don’t have to think about typically
Ex) Controls muscles and visceral organs breathing, heart beat
Cranial nerves
Nerves that don’t go into the spinal cord
Ex)eye movement
Spinal nerves
Moving hands and feet
Parasympathetic nervous system
Controlling the dilation of your eyes, rest and digest system normal situations
Sympathetic nervous system
Controlling dilation of your eyes, Takes over when you’re in fight or flight mode
Central nervous system
of systems, lots of divisions within systems, it’s layers,
Phineaus gage
Example of how damages affect the brain in example the frontal cortex, he went through and big personality change, from responsible to being an ass.
Brain stem
Structures associated with automatic processes
Ex heart rate breathing
Limbic system
Involves motivation, emotion, memory
Cerebrum
Largest part of the brain, integrates sensory information, coordinates movements, facilitates thinking and reasoning(includes cerebral cortex)
Ex) putting movement together to accomplish walking
The three interconnected layers of the brain
Brain stem, limbic system, cerebrum
Cerebellum means/known for
(Little brain) known for being helpful in fine motor movement
The brain stem includes
Medulla, pons, cerebellum
Medulla
Centre for breathing, blood pressure, amd heart beat
Pons
Provides input to other brain stem structures and cerebellum, sometimes called the bridge
Cerebellum
Coordinate bodily movements, controls posture, maintains equilibrium, involved in implicit motor learning
What does maintaining equilibrium means in cerebellum
Means maintaining balance
The limbic system
Surrounds brain stem
Includes the hippocampus, the amygdala, and the hypothalamus
The hippocampus
Structure for memory formation
Eg. H.M had short term memory, learning someone’s name
Amygdala
Controls emotion, aggression, and acquisition and retention of emotional information in memory
Eg, helps people remember emotional events
Hypothalamus
Regulates motivated behaviour
Eg.eating, temp, sexual arousal
-maintains homeostasis
-interfaces pituitary gland
Cerebral cortex structures
Frontal lobe, parietal lobe, occipital lobe, temporal lobe
Cerebrum
2/3 of the total mass of the brain
Includes the cerebral cortex, a thalamus, the cerebral hemispheres, the the corpus Callosum
Cerebral cortex
The outer layer of neurons
-Composed of billions of neurons
Thalamus
Relays incoming sensory information to the appropriate area of the cerebral cortex
-translates information from the periphery into the form that can be used by the cortex
Cerebral hemisphere
Symmetrical halves the brain is divided into
-The brain also contains groups the divide it vertically and horizontally
Corpus callosum
Nerve fibres that send messages between the two brain hemispheres
Primary Somatosensory area
Touch information,feeling and where
Eg. Texture, pain, temperature, teeth
-organized by body parts
Primary motor area
In charge or movements
Eg.moving your finger, lips
Parietal lobe
Responsible for sensation of touch, pain, temperature
Occipital lobe
Primarily involve official processes, contains visual cortex(primary visual area)
Temporal lobe
Process related to hearing , contains auditory cortex
Frontal lobe
Involved in motor control and cognitive activities such as planning, decision-making, goalsetting, and personality
Specific cerebral cortex/primary motor system
Motor cortex, somatosensory cortex, association cortex
Association cortex
Interprets and Integrates integrates information from various sensory modalities(different modes) used to play in appropriate response to stimuli
Eg.handwriting
What is the Output and the input of a sensory motor cortex
The output is the motor cortex, (controls body right side)
the input is the sensory cortex
(Receives input from right side)
What body part is in the motor cortex but not in the sensory cortex?
Teeth, gums, genitals because these don’t move but they feel
Places with more fine motor movement/ control needs more space in the _______ to function
Brain
auditory cortex
Processing information for hearing, lobe by the ear
Visual cortex
Processing information for seeing, back of the head to
What are the language areas of the cortex:aphasia
- visual
- angular gyrus
- wernickes area
- brocas area
- motor
Visual cortex Language area
Receives written words as visual stimulation
Angular Gyrus Language area
Transforms visual representations into an auditory code
Wernickes area Language area
Interprets auditory code
Brocas area Language area
Control speech Muscles via the motor cortex
Motor cortex language area
Word is pronounced
Aphasia
The impairment of language usually caused by left hemisphere damage
Damage in the Broca’s area
Impaired speaking
Damage to wernikes
Impaired understanding
Language areas
Brain activity when hearing seeing and speaking words, using scan you can demonstrate specialization an integration of brain functions
