Neuron Flashcards
Neurons are
The basic building blocks of the nervous system
Neurons specialize
In receiving, processing, and transmitting info to other cells
Neural communication
Is how messages are transmitted within each neutron and how messages are transmitted between neurons
Dendrites
Receive messages from other cells
Nucleus
Holds the genetic info
Terminals
End parts button like ends
Synapse
Small space between two neurons
Axon
Passes messages away from the cell body to other neurons, muscles, or plans
Cell body
Support centre, contains the nucleus
Mylan sheath
Covers the axon, helps speed neural impulses
Terminal branches of axon
Form junctions with other cells
The synapse
Vesicles migrate to end(presynaptic)
Fuse with membrane
Share neurotransmitters
Bind to the other side (postsynaptic)
Resting potential
The potential difference across a membrane
Cells interesting potential are
Polarized at a resting state meaning there’s more negative charges inside versus outside of the cell
How many potassium come in for every sodium out and resting potential
There’s three sodium to go out for every two potassium in
What maintains the resting potential?
Negatively charged proteins, ions, and actions of the sodium and potassium pump maintain the resting potential
What is the structure of a neuron?
Cell body, Dendrites, Axon Terminal buttons Synapse
When a neuron is in a resting state it sits at
-70mV
The synapse is where…
One neuron makes a connection with another
Excitatory postsynaptic potential
Makes the sell less negatively charge and contributes to an action potential if there’s enough stimulation through summation
Inhibitory postsynaptic potential
Makes the cell more negatively charged keeping out the positives
Temporal summation
Neuron produces several action potential’s close in time
Spatial summation
Two or more neurons release transmitters onto the same target neuron
The _________of inhibitory and excitatory Synaptic inputs determines whether the cell will fire
Summation
Action potential moves in
One direction
Neural impulses
Brief electrical charge the travels down and axon
Threshold
Level of stimulation required to trigger an action potential
All or none
Axon Either fires or not, no gradation except in rate of fibre
Once an action potential has been activated it continues all the way down to the axon by opening
Permeable channels for sodium and potassium
In synopsis calcium acts as a
Signal to release neurotransmitters
Threshold for action potential
-55mV
Santiago Ramon y cajal discovered what?
That neurons are independent and are parts of the nervous system
