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Psychology > Intro To Psych/history/ethics > Flashcards

Intro To Psych/history/ethics Flashcards

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1
Q

Systematic observation

A

Core of science

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2
Q

Science a systematic by

A

Trying to observe under control situations, and very observations to see variation to understand when they Occur and when they don’t occur

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3
Q

Why do we record observations

A

So our memory isn’t biased

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4
Q

Objectivity is

A

Redefining something I can’t see by when I can see a.k.a. using evidence

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5
Q

Observations lied to

A

Hypotheses we can test

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6
Q

Examining patterns

A

Can help make your questions of the hypothesis a.k.a. if then how why

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7
Q

Science is democratic meaning

A

Series and experiments are tested by comparing evidence overtime

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8
Q

Science is cumulative meaning

A

Small developments lead to bigger findings later

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9
Q

The scientific method is

A

You ask a question, background research, hypotheses, test hypotheses, analyze and draw conclusions, report your results

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10
Q

True or false psychologist or not all therapist

A

True

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11
Q

Psychology is

A

The study of thought and behaviour

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12
Q

Most psychology is focussed on

A

Physiological behaviour however sometimes other means are used in sociology

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13
Q

What type of models are often used

A

Nonhuman a.k.a. animals

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14
Q

Psychologist studied the behaviour of _______ Individuals

A

All

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15
Q

Abnormal behaviour

A

Doesn’t always mean bad could be why does this person feel this way and example would be the fear of dogs

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16
Q

Behaviour

A

Observable action by which an organism reacts to it surroundings

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17
Q

Psychology recognizes that there is __________ behaviour we _____see

A

Unobservable, can’t

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18
Q

Dispositional

A

Something inside you and example would be nerves

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19
Q

Situational

A

Environment example large groups

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20
Q

What is the basis for psychotherapeutic approaches

A

Developing hypotheses and theories to predict and potentially control behaviour

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21
Q

Maladaptive behaviour

A

Thinking something is getting in the way of a task

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22
Q

Why would psychology be useful in an alcoholic’s situation?

A

You can use different psychology for interventions

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23
Q

External factors of behaviour

A

Situational factors such as large groups

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24
Q

Internal factors affecting behaviour

A

Genetic make up motivation intelligence etc.

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25
Q

Informed consent

A

Participants should know when they’re involved I know what the studies aboutAnd any potential risks or benefits in participating

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26
Q

Confidentiality

A

Participants info should not be made public

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27
Q

Privacy

A

Participants should be aware that they are being observed and observer Should be making the purchase been aware they’re taking data

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28
Q

Benefits

A

Researchers should consider benefits and they must be careful he weighed and risks to participants must be minimized

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29
Q

Intentional deception

A

Is used to modify behaviour sometimes is necessary to avoid biasing results
Can only be used if there is no other alternative way

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30
Q

Debriefing

A

After deception you must tell participants what happened why educate them on how it will be beneficial to society

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31
Q

Ethical consideration with animals

A

Animal rights versus animal welfare

32
Q

Animal rights

A

The rides are that of humans, any infringement is just as bad

33
Q

Animal welfare

A

Because we can’t communicate if you were using/have an animal you must treat them as good as you can and as human as possible if needing to do any experiments

34
Q

History of psych

A

Psychology has a long past but only a short history

35
Q

Psychology is linked historically to both ___________ & ___________

A

Philosophy and medicine

36
Q

The mind-body problem

A

Does a non-tangible mind that is independent of biology exist And is it possible to scientifically study and predict behaviour

37
Q

Nature versus nurture

A

How much of her behaviour is influenced by the environment versus genetic background

38
Q

Tabula rasa “blank slate”

A

Proponents consider nurture to be overwhelmingly influenced by our behaviour Meaning we start blank and who we are in the end is made up of all of our experiences

39
Q

Genetics

A

Until 1950s schizophrenia was considered a result of your upbringing more recently it was found that it has more genetic markers than environment

40
Q

Darwin evolution

A

Observe differences in physical characteristics between the species of finches on the Galapagos islands

41
Q

what did Darwin hypothesize, natural selection

A

That variations of evolved to such that favourable characteristics were preserved an unfavourable ones were destroyed

42
Q

What does Darwin’s theory suggest?

A

It’s suggest the possibility of inheritable individual differences meaning personality maybe theorized as being able to be passed down from generation to generation

43
Q

What did Francis Galton propose

A

The intelligence wasn’t inheritable characteristic that could be measured

44
Q

What was the first form of psychology

A

Psychophysics

45
Q

Psycho physixs studies

A

How we experience changes in the physical world

46
Q

Who established the first formal experimental psychology laboratory

A

Wilhelm Wundt in Leipzig

47
Q

Who were the first experimental psychologist

A

Weber, fechner, and helmholtz

48
Q

Who was the first Canadian to open my psychology laboratory

A

James mark Baldwin

49
Q

Structuralism

A

Examining the contents of the mind through introspection, they are concerned with what

50
Q

Functionalism

A

Examine the functions thoughts and behaviours and are concerned with why and how

51
Q

Example of structuralism psychologist

A

Wilhelm Wundt, Edward Titchenor

52
Q

Example of functionalism psychologists

A

William James

53
Q

Edward titchner

A

One of the first psychologists in the United States, studied the contents of the mind, primary method of data collection was introspection

54
Q

What did Max Wertheimer study

A

He studied organize holes rather than individual components that making up that gestalt psychology

55
Q

Gestalt psychology

A

The whole is greater than the sum of its parts that ass it determines the role of the mind in interpreting stimuli

56
Q

Proximity

A

Group nearby objects together

57
Q

Similarity

A

Group like objects together

58
Q

Closure

A

Filling the holes

59
Q

Good continuum

A

Things don’t usually make abrupt changes returns

60
Q

Consciousness

A

I’m going stream of mind in constant interaction with the environment

61
Q

Modern psychology

A

Studies both structure in functionalism of behaviour

62
Q

Eugenics

A

Selective breeding

63
Q

Psychodynamic perspective

A

Functionalist view, Sigmund Freud, that behaviour is explained by inherited in stinks, biological drives, and attempts to solve Conflict
Emphasizes roll of unconscious process and battles between inner and outer forces

64
Q

Behaviour is often driven by______outside of ________awareness

A

Motive, Conscious

65
Q

Behaviourist perspective

A

John B Watson, BF Skinner, overt and observable as proper, behavioural concern with environment not the mind or consciousness

66
Q

Classical conditioning

A

Association with previously neutral stimuli with consequence or reward

67
Q

Flashbulb memory

A

Highly detailed/vivid memory of an emotional event

68
Q

Tip of the tongue phenomenon

A

Inability to pull the word from your memory even though you know it’s there

69
Q

Humanist perspective

A

Carl Rogers, Abraham Maslow, emphasized individual inherit capability for making rational choices and developing to full potential

70
Q

Cognitive perspective

A

Study of mental processes

71
Q

Biological perspective

A

Focusses on functioning of genes, nervous system, and endocrine system
Linked to behavioural and cognitive neuroscience fields

72
Q

Helen Thompson Woolley and Leta S Hollingworth we’re psychologist for?

A

Women’s rights and sex difference

73
Q

Sub disciplines

A

Developmental, personality, social, clinical

74
Q

Developmental perspective

A

How thoughts and behaviour change or stay stable

75
Q

Personality perspective

A

What makes you unique, stable across time and situation

76
Q

Social perspective

A

The interplay between individuals and groups how each one affects one another

77
Q

Clinical perspective

A

The study of the treatment and assessment

Psychology (6 decks)

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