statistical tests Flashcards

1
Q

What are the two branches of statistical test?

A

parametric and non-parametric

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2
Q

What is the observed value?

A

the result from a statistical test

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3
Q

What is the critical value?

A

the number taken from a statistical table

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4
Q

What are the types of parametric test?

A

tests used in core studies e.g., t-tests

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5
Q

What are the types of non-parametric test?

A
  • Binomial Sign
  • Chi-Squared
  • Wilcoxon Signed
  • Mann Whitney U
  • Spearman’s Rho
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6
Q

When are parametric tests used?

A
  • Normal Distribution
  • Interval/Ratio data
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7
Q

When are non-parametric tests used?

A
  • Non-normal Distribution
  • When the median (or mode) provides a better average
  • Nominal, Ordinal, and Interval / Ratio data
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8
Q

What are the 3 factors than can be used to identify which statistical test should be used?

A
  • difference or correlation
  • experimental design (independent or repeated measures)
  • Level of Data (Nominal, Ordinal, or Interval0
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9
Q

How do you know when to use a binomial Sign test?

A
  • DV is nominal data
  • Repeated Measures Design
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10
Q

How do you know if there is a significant difference by the result of the binomial test?

A

Observed value ≤ Critical value

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11
Q

What are the steps to the binomial tests?

A

1- assign a sign to conditions (+ or -)
2- ignore the same results across conditions
3- add up frequency of each sign
4- use least frequent sign (observed value)
5- n= total participants aside from those ignored
6- O ≤ C

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12
Q

How do you know when to use a Wilcoxon test?

A
  • ordinal/interval data
  • repeated measures design
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13
Q

How do you know there is a significant difference in a Wilcoxon test?

A

Observed Value ≤ Critical Value

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14
Q

What are the steps for a Wilcoxon test?

A

1- calculate difference (condition A - condition B)
2- rank (smallest to largest)
- ignore signs (for now)
- ignore any 0 value
3- use least frequent sign (positive or negative)
4- add up ranks of least frequent sign = observed value
5- compare to critical value
6- N= participants (do not use ignored)
7- O ≤ C

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15
Q

How do you know when to use a chi squared test?

A
  • nominal data
  • independent measures
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16
Q

How do you know there is significance in a chi squared test?

A

Observed value ≥ Critical value

17
Q

What are the steps to a chi squared?

A

1- calculate row and column totals
2- calculate expected value for each condition
3- use formula for each condition
4- add up formula results for an observed value
5- compare to the degrees of freedom

18
Q

What is the formula to find the expected value in a chi squared?

A

row total x column total / overall total

19
Q

How do you find the observed value in a chi squared?

A

(observed-expected)²/ expected

20
Q

What is the degrees of freedom equation in a chi squared?

A

(number of rows -1) x (number of columns -1)

21
Q

How do you know when to use a spearman’s rho test?

A

if its a correlation

22
Q

How can you tell if a relationship is significant when using a spearman’s rho test?

A

Observed value ≥ Critical value

23
Q

What are the steps to a spearman’s rho test?

A

1- rank each variable (lowest to highest)
2- calculate difference between the ranks of the two variables (variable 1 - variable 2)
3- square the difference
4- total up all of the squared differences
5- use formula = observed value
6- compare observed value to critical value table