sampling methods Flashcards

1
Q

What is sampling?

A

Choosing a smaller group of people from a larger group of people

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2
Q

What is a target population?

A

The group of people which any results would apply to e.g., teenagers

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3
Q

What are the different types of sampling method?

A

random, opportunity, self-selected (volunteer), snowball and stratified

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4
Q

What is random sampling?

A

When every member of the target population has an equal chance of being selected

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5
Q

How is a random sample conducted?

A

names out of a hat

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6
Q

What are strengths of a random sample?

A
  • most unbiased and representative
  • no influence of researcher bias
  • results can be generalised
  • has population validity
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7
Q

What are weaknesses of a random sample?

A
  • difficult to access all the names of the whole target population
  • sometimes not possible to achieve a random sample
  • time-consuming
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8
Q

What is an opportunity sample?

A

A group of people who are available at the time of the study

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9
Q

What are strengths of an opportunity sample?

A
  • quick and convenient
  • less effort for the researcher
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10
Q

What are weaknesses of an opportunity sample?

A
  • sample is likely to biased in terms of ethnicity and culture therefore be unrepresentative
  • likely to lack population validity
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11
Q

What is a self-selected sample?

A

When a researcher places a advertisement about their study (poster) and participants respond and volunteer to take part

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12
Q

What do you put on a poster to gain a self-selected sample?

A
  • target population
  • details of the study
  • contact information
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13
Q

What are strengths of a self-selected sample?

A
  • informed consent
  • less likely to drop out
  • quick and convenient
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14
Q

What are weaknesses of a self-selected sample?

A
  • low response rate
  • small sample (not representative)
  • results cannot be generalised as only a certain type of person would want to be a volunteer
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15
Q

What is a snowball sample?

A

A researcher recruits a participant that fits the target population then that person recruits their friends and so on

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16
Q

When is the snowball sample most commonly used?

A

When the target population does not have a list of names such as: drug dealers, criminals etc.

17
Q

What are strengths of a snowball sample?

A

It makes it possible to include members of groups which are not easily accessible

18
Q

What are weaknesses of a snowball strength?

A
  • likely to be biased
  • researcher may struggle to find the one participant to start the ripple effect
  • results cannot be generalised
19
Q

What is a stratified sample?

A

Made up of different layers of the population

20
Q

What is the stratified sample equation?

A

sample size for each layer

size of whole sample
/
size of population
x
size of layer