Statistical Reasoning

Question 1

Statistics

Answer 1

Allows scientists to organize and describe data and make inferences based on data

Question 2

Descriptive Statistics

Answer 2

Summarizes and organizes data

Question 3

Frequency distribution table

Answer 3

Shows how often something happens

Question 4

Histogram

Answer 4

Bar graph with no gaps to show that there are no gaps in the data

Question 5

Measure of Central Tendency

Answer 5

A single score that represents a whole set of scores

Question 6

Mean

Answer 6

Average number in a data set (sensitive to extremes)

Question 7

Median

Answer 7

Middle number in a set of scores. Place data in value order and find middle of set. More accurate central tendency than mean

Question 8

Mode

Answer 8

Most frequent value in a data set.

Question 9

Normal Distribution

Answer 9

Bell Curve. Scores on graph are mirrored on both sides of the mean

Question 10

Skewed distribution

Answer 10

If the curve doesn’t look normal than graph is skewed

Data to the left of median is positive, data to the right is negative

Question 11

Variance

Answer 11

How much scores group together or how dispersed they are

Question 12

Range

Answer 12

Represents the span of the scores in the data set

Question 13

Standard Deviation

Answer 13

Average distance from the mean for a set of scores

Question 14

Z scores

Answer 14

The number of standard deviations from the mean a data point is

Question 15

Inferential Statistics

Answer 15

Allow you to interpret data and draw conclusions. Evaluate the probability that a correlation reflects a real relationship between variables.

Question 16

Statistical Significance

Answer 16

Measure of the likelihood that the difference between groups results from a real difference rather than by chance. Lower P value = less likely results were due to chance

Question 17

Meta- Analysis(Technique)

Answer 17

Researchers find trends in large amounts of pre existing data.

Question 18

Cross-sectional study

Answer 18

Type of study in which people of different ages are examined at the same time

Question 19

Cohort

Answer 19

Group of people in a study

Question 20

Longitudinal Studies

Answer 20

Studies that follow the same group of people over periods of time

Question 21

Cross-sequential Study

Answer 21

Individuals in the study are tested more than once over a specified period of time