States of Matter Flashcards
What is an atom
Smallest part of element that can exist
What is a molecule
A particle
Two or more atoms
Chemically bonded
Describe the states of matter in terms of arrangement, movement and energy of particles
Solid:
Arrangement: Close together
Regularly packed
Movement: Vibrate around fixed point
Energy: Less kinetic energy than Ls and Gs
Liquid:
A: Close together
Irregular
M: Free to move
E: Less than Gs
More than Ss
Gas:
A: Far apart
Weak intermolecular forces
M: Free to move
E: Most kinetic energy
Name the interconversions between states of matter
Melting
Freezing
Boiling
Condensing
Sublimation
Desublimation
Describe how the interconversions are achieved
Melting: Solid heated
Freezing: Liquid cooled
Boiling: Liquid heated
Condensing: Gas cooled
Sublimation: Solid heated (straight to gas)
Describe the changes in arrangement, movement and energy of particles for the interconversions
Melting: Solid heated
More kinetic energy
Vibrate more
Less forces of attraction between particles break
Freezing: Liquid cooled
Less energy
Greater forces of attraction
Boiling: Liquid heated
More energy
Fast moving
Forces of attraction broken
Condensing: Gas cooled
Less energy
Slower moving
Greater forcer of attraction
Sublimation: Solid heated
More energy
Fast moving
Weak forces of attraction
Explain diffusion
The random motion of particles
from high conc.
to low conc.
Explain dilution
Adding water makes a solution more dilute
(makes weaker by adding water or another solvent)
What is a solvent
The liquid in which a substance is dissolved
What is a solute
The substance that has been dissolved
What is a solution
Liquid formed when a solute dissolves in a solvent
What is a saturated solution
A solution into which no more solute can dissolve
What is meant by solubility
The maximum mass of a solute that can dissolve in 100g of the solvent
(g/100g)
How to plot and interpret a solubility curve
Temp vs solubility
read values off graph
(idk how to explain this on a flash card)
Photo of example on Photos
