Crude Oil Flashcards
What is crude oil a mixture of
Hydrocarbons
How are crude oil fractions separated
Vapourised
Enters fractionating column –> hot at bottom
vapours rise
condense when they become cool enough
liquids are led out at different heights
What are the uses of the main fractions of crude oil
Refinery gases - bottled gas
Gasoline - Car fuel
Kerosene - Aeroplane fuel
diesel - Lorry fuel
fuel oil - Ship fuel
Bitumen - Road surfacing
What are the names of the main fractions of crude oil
Refinery gases
Gasoline
Kerosene
diesel
fuel oil
Bitumen
What is the trend in colour, boiling point and viscosity for the main crude oil fractions
Refinery gases ———————> Bitumen
Smallest molecules Largest Molecules
Lowest boiling point Highest B/p
Lowest viscosity Highest v
Lightest colour Darkest
What is a fuel
A substance that releases energy when burned
Products of complete combustion of hydrocarbons
Carbon dioxide + water
Products of incomplete combustion of hydrocarbons
Carbon monoxide, soot (carbon), Carbon dioxide + water
Why is CO poisionous
Reduces capacity of blood to carry O2
(It binds to haemoglobin easier than O2)
In car engines, what allows nitrogen and oxygen from air to react to form nitrogen oxides?
Temperature
What does combustion of some impurities in hydrocarbon fuels result in
Formation of SO2 (sulphur dioxide)
What two oxides can form acid rain
Sulphur dioxide and nitrogen oxides
(when dissolved in rainwater)
