States of matter Flashcards
What are the three states of matter?
- Solid
- Liquid
- Gas
A substance can usually exist in all three states depending on what?
Tempreature and pressure
Can a state of matter change from one state to another?
Yes
A solid-liquid liquid-gas gas-solid or vice versure
When do the different state changes occurr?
Melting point and boiling point
Depends if the object is heating up or cooling down
Think solids and liquids
What information can we tell if somthing is at its melting point?
- If somthing is heating up its is melting (solid-liquid)
- If somthing is cooling down it is freezing (liquid-solid)
Think liquid and gas
What information can we tell if somthing is at boiing point?
- If somthing is heating up it is boiling (liquid-gas)
- If somthing is cooling it is condensing (gas-liquid)
What are the propertise in a solid?
- Lattice structure
- Regular arrangment
- Vibrate about a fixed posistion
- Partcicles are very close
- Strong forces of attraction
- Dense
- Fixed volume
- Fixed shape
- Can not be compressed
What are the propertise in a liquid?
- Randomly arranged
- Move around each other
- Flow
- Parcticles are close
- Weaker forces of attraction
- Less dense
- Fixed volume
- Do not have a fixed shape
- Cant be compressed
Liquids take the shape of teh container they are in so they do not have a fixed shape but they do have a fixed volume so pouring from one ocntaine t anotehr may chnage teh shape but wont change the amount of liquid there is.
Liquids do have forces of attraction between teh partcicles they are close togtehr but they do not have strong forces of attraction like solids so are a ble to flow freely.
Liqids are quite dense but they are not as dense as solids.
What are the propertise in a gas?
- Randomly arranged
- Move at high speeds in all directions
- Far apart
- Weakestes forces of attraction
- Lowest density
- No fixed shape
- No fixed volume
- Can be compressed
- Partcilces can collide with each other
What are the changes of state?
- Melting
- Evaportaion/ Boiling
- Condensation
- Freezing
- Sublimation
- Desublimation
Why do chamges of state happen?
Because energy is being absorbed by the particles hwich make them vibrate and break the bonds between them forming a different state. Or energy is being transffered away form the particle and into the surroundings where the partcile losses energy and gets closwer togther fomring a different state.
Energy is key
The amount of energy needed to change state from solid to liquid and from liquid to gas depends on what?
The stengtsh of the forces between the partciles
The stronger the forces the higher the melting and boiling poin (temperature)
