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Chemistry > Cruid oil > Flashcards

Cruid oil Flashcards

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1
Q

What are cruid oils?

A

(Cruid oil, gas and coal) are fossil fuels

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2
Q

What are fossil fuels made of?

A

Remains of dead organisms

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3
Q

What are cruid oil and gas formed from?

A

Dead sea creatures

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4
Q

What is coal formed from?

A

Dead plants

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5
Q

True or false:
there is only a limited supply of fossil fuels in the Earth’s crust.

A

True

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6
Q

Can fossil fuels be replaced?

A

No once they have been used up they can not be replaced.

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7
Q

Are fossil fuels renewable or non renewable fuels?

A

Non renewable

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8
Q

Is cruid oil a mixture or a compound?

A

A mixture

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9
Q

How many compounds does cruid oil contain?

A

Hundreds of different compounds. Some are small molecules but most are large.

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10
Q

What do the majority of compounds in cruid oil contain?

A

Nearly all of these compounds contain carbon and hydrogen atoms only. They are called hydrocarbons.

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11
Q

Why is cruid oil important?

A

Used to fuel many forms of transport and used as raw materials for everyday life.

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12
Q

Is cruid oil a usful substance on its own?

A

No

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13
Q

When can cruid oil be useful?

A

When it is seperated

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14
Q

What does seperating cruid oil do?

A

Seperates the mixture into molecules of smaller size

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15
Q

Where is cruid oil sepration done and what is teh proccess called?

A

This is done in an oil refinery in a process called fractional distillation

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16
Q

What does fractional distillation do?

A

Separates the mixture of different hydrocarbons in crude oil based on their boiling points

17
Q

What are the steps of fractional distillation?

A

1) Extraction of cruid oil from the ground (black thick liquid)
2) It is vaporized (turned into a gas) and enters the column
3) The column had different temperature gradient (hotter at the bottom and cooler at the too)
4) Vapors rise up the column and they reach their boiling point they condense back to liquid form, these different fractions have different uses.

18
Q

What is obtained in fractional distillation?

A

.Refinery gas
.Petrol (gasoline)
.Naphtha
.Kerosene
.Diesel oil
.Lubricating oil
.Fuel oil

19
Q

What are the properties of hydrocarbons higher up in the fractionating column?

A

.Lower boiling point
.Lower viscosity (flow more easily)
.Higher flammability (ignite more easily)

20
Q

Which two fractions are used as fuel in cars?

A

Petrol (gasoline) and diesel

21
Q

Which fraction is used as fuel in aircrafts?

A

Kerosene

22
Q

True or false:
In general the larger the molecule the higher the boiling point.

A

True

23
Q

What is the boiling range for refinery gas and how many carbon atoms does it contain?

A

Below 40 and around 1-5 carbon atoms

24
Q

What is the boiling range for petrol (gasoline) and how man carbon atoms does it have?

A

40-175 and around 5-10 carbon atoms

25
Q

What is the boiling range for kerosene and how many carbon atoms does it contain?

A

150-240 and around 9-14 carbon atoms

26
Q

What is the boiling range of diesel and how many carbons atoms does it contain?

A

220-275 and around 13-17 carbon atoms

27
Q

Where in the fractional distillation column will the fraction with the LOWEST boiling point be found?

A

Top

28
Q

Where in the fractional distillation column will the fraction with the highest viscosity be found?

A

Bottom

29
Q

What is cruid oil a mixture of?

A

Hyrocarbons

30
Q

What is the use of refinary gas?

A

Bottled gas for use in cooking or Bunsen burners

31
Q

What is the use for fuel oil?

A

Fuel for ships and power stations

32
Q

What is teh sue of bitumen?

A

Roads and roofs

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