Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Russian Revolution - causes > Start of Nicholas II reign up to 1905 > Flashcards

Start of Nicholas II reign up to 1905 Flashcards

1
Q

When did Nicholas II come to power and at what age? When was he coronated?

A

In 1894 at age 26. Officially coronated in 1896.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

At the coronation of Tsar Nicholas II, the Khodynka tragedy, how many attended and how many died?

A

out of 100,000 attendees, 1,389 died.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

When was Sergei Witte finance minister and when was he prime minister?

A

Finance Minister: 1863-1903,
Prime Minister: 1905-1906

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Policies of Sergei Witte:

A

invited foreign experts, increased international investment, increased taxes and interest rates, limited imports through tariffs, and invested in railways.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

How much investment and funding of Russian industry came from abroad due to Witte’s economic policies?

A

30%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

increasing foreign investment due to Witte:

A

2.5 million roubles in 1893
13 million roubles in 1898
2.2 billion roubles in 1913
… 8700% increase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Witte est. of heavy industry, increasing investment in industry:

A

1890: 60 million roubles
1900: 430 million roubles
… 716% increase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Witte extending the railway system resulted in:

A

amount of track tripled and total mileage increase by 46%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Witte encourage technical education resulted in how many technical schools and the increasing literacy rate:
(compare 1894 - 1904 and 1890 - 1914)

A

1894: 8 technical schools
1904: 100 technical schools
1890: 20% literacy rate
1914: 38% literacy rate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Under Witte investment into railway vs education

A

railways: 120 million per year
education: 150 million between 1890-1900 (over ten years)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Russian GDP in comparison globally

A

Russia GDP growth: 96.8% between 1898 and 1913 vs.
Britain GDP growth: 40%
However, overall Britain GDP x2 bigger than Russia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Under Witte reforms, the industrial progress in millions of tonnes from 1880 to 1916

A

Grain increase by 88%
Pig Iron increase by 785%
Coal increase by 956%
Oil increase by 1840%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Population increases of major urban cities:

A

St Petersburg: 76% increase
Moscow: 50% increase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Witte reforms taxation

A

rose from 5% to 15% taxes on peasants crop per year

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Result of Witte reforms neglecting agriculture:

A

consumption levels dropped 25%
(as due to international recession): 1902, 2,000 businesses closed
half of Russia exports still grain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Consequences of Witte’s reforms on urban conditions:

A

Overcrowding: 16 ppl per apartment
Working Conditions: x protections, 12 hour work days, limited breaks, x health and safety, strikes + trade unions banned.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Number of strikes supressed by military force in 1893 vs 1902 (correlate Witte reform + migration)

A

19 in 1893 and 522 in 1902

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Treatment of Jewish population in Nicholas’ reign

A

saw a sharp increase in number of pogroms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

When was Nicholas’ coronation/Khodynka tragedy?

A

26th May 1896

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what did Tsarist regime do to zemstva?

A

from 1890 central ministry: cripple budgets, censor publications + arrest leading members.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

what was the 1896 All Zemstvo Org for?

A

an attempt to create more representative govt. thru organised system

22
Q

how did Witte’s reforms influence University students amount (relate to liberal opposition)

A

1860: 5000 students
1914: 69,000

23
Q

what were the immediate impacts of the 1901 “slaughter of the students”

A

3000 protested, cossaks charged crows then 13 were killed, hundreds injured, 1500 students imprisoned. by Nov: minister bogolepov conscripted 200 students into army. (and he was assassinated by student activist)

24
Q

When were the ‘Years of the Red Cockerel’?

A

1903 - 1904

25
Q

Stats about Rural overpopulation at turn of century

A

an annual excess of 15 live births over deaths per 1000 inhabitants

26
Q

Working Conditions for workers circa 1905

A

lowest paid workers, over 12 hour work day, excessive fines, trade unions banned + strikes illegal.

27
Q

When did the Russo-Japanese war start and when was the Treaty of Portsmouth (russian loss to japan)

A

8th Feb 1904 - 5th Sept 1905

28
Q

As a result of the Russo-Japanese war, what happened to wages?

A

they decreased by 25%

29
Q

How many people were striking in Jan 1905 (Russo-Japanese war happening)

A

120,000

30
Q

As a result of the Russo-Japanese war, what happened to the price of consumer goods?

A

They rose eg. price of bread increase by 35%

31
Q

Why was there an initial favour for Russia in the Russo-Japanese war?

A

russia had 3x the population size and 5x the milit size

32
Q

As Father Georgi Gapon worked with the poor, what was he called?

A

Renegade priest

33
Q

By the end of 1904 how many members were in Gapons Assembly of Russian Factory Workers?

A

6000 members

34
Q

By early Jan 1905 how many workers were on strike because of the dismissed members of Gapons Assembly? And by the End of Jan 1905 (post-bloody Sunday) how many workers were striking in St.P?

A

120,000

400,000

35
Q

When was Bloody Sunday?

A

Sunday 9th of Jan 1905

36
Q

How many peaceful protestors were at Bloody Sunday?

A

150,000

37
Q

How many people actually died/wounded in Bloody Sunday vs. the reports/ popular belief of the toll?

A

Fact: 200 died and 800 wounded
False: 4600 killed or wounded.

38
Q

The strikes going on in every major town/city after Bloody Sunday was referred to as what?

A

“a festival of mobilisation”

39
Q

On the 13th of Oct 1905 the workers resistance entered a new stage, what happened?

A

The founding of St.P soviet of workers deputies (led by Mens), it was a forum for change as representatives could advocate for improvement. It became a major challenge to the Tsar.

40
Q

After the founding of the St.P soviet on the 13th of Oct 1905, on the 14th what did the soviet call for?

A

a nationwide general strike. approx. 1.5 million ppl went on strike.

41
Q

Because of the unrest in the countryside post-bloody Sunday, how many times did the tsar call for an armed response?

A

2,700 separate times between Jan and Oct 1905.

42
Q

how many manor houses were destroyed in the peasant response to bloody sunday?

A

300

43
Q

When was the peasant union formed and how many members

A

October 1905 and 2000 members.

44
Q

What were the requests of the (oct 1905) peasant union?

A

national parliament, universal suffrage, equal civil rights, progressive taxes, land for landless, free and universal education and freedom of movement. They threatened not to pay taxes, obey authorities, or provide army recruits.

45
Q

When was the mutiny onboard battleship potemkin in Odessa?

A

14th June 1905

46
Q

What did the October Manifesto give to peasants?

A

initially half land redemption payments then fully cancelled by 6th of November 1905

47
Q

What did the October Manifesto give to the Army?

A

pay increase, terms of service reduce ie. sailors from 7 to 5 years, given better rations

48
Q

When the soviets continued to oppose the tsar after the October Manifesto, what happened on 3rd Dec 1905?

A

soldiers and police stormed the headquarters of St.P soviet and arrested Trotsky + 260 deputies + 50% of membership.

49
Q

What was the wave of repression after the govt suppressed residual revolt post-oct manifesto?

A

wave of repression: between Mid Oct 1905 and April 1906: 15,000 were executed and 45,000 were deported.

50
Q

After the storming of St.P soviet in Dec 1905, what did the Moscow soviet do?

A

call for armed insurrection. the uprising involved intense street-fighting, bloody battles. The heavy artillery used led to 1000s killed including women and children. Entire working class suburbs were left in ruins

Russian Revolution - causes (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions