Pre-Course Russian Revolution Flashcards
in 1894 how much ground did russia cover?
22 million km^2, West to East: 8000km, North to South: 3200km, 1/6th of worlds land mass.
Britain vs Russia infrastructure
Britian could fit into Russia 100x but same km of railway track
How many ethnic groups were in the Russian Empire?
- 44.3% of population: Ukrainian. 18%: Polish.
in 1894 how much ground did russia cover?
22km^2, West to East: 8000km, North to South: 3200km, 1/6th of worlds land mass.
how did the population change from 1815 to 1914
In 100 year x4. 40 million to 165 million
How long has Romanov Dynasty been around since?
1613
When was Tsar Alexander II assassinated?
1881
Example of the lessening hold of the orthodox church due to urbanisation in 1900
A Moscow suburb with 40,000 people only contained 1 church and 1 priest
Percentage makeup of the social classes in the population
1%: ruling class/nobility
12%: upper class
0.5%: middle class (1897)
7%: working/urban class
82%: peasantry
Characteristics of Nobility + Upper Class at their emergence:
Nobility: moving to cities to gain govt. jobs based on social class instead of merit. The lack of skill ∴ mismanagement. In rural areas were afraid of the peasantry.
Middle Class: small but growing, professional jobs. In govt. they took active role, ∴ had higher levels of representation + influence + power.
Characteristics of Urban Workers, Peasantry + Kulaks.
Urban Workers: small new class, very poor SOL eg. high no. of deaths from accidents, barrack style housing, (become proletariat). exploited by landlords + employer, had zero protections ∴ ripe for radicalisation. Peasants: previously been serfs. restricted by the ‘mir’, most were poor + illiterate + widespread disease + famines. worst conditions of all. not organised enough for radicalisation. Kulaks: rich peasants, perceived as capitalists.
How much land did the nobility own?
25% of the land.
How much of the population did peasants make up?
4/5
In peacetime during Nicholas’ I (1825-1855) reign how many soldiers died?
over 1 million.
in the 19thC on average how big was the army and how much was spent on it? and how much was spent on education?
1.5 million men and 45% of government spending. only 4% was for education
What did Alexander II do in 1861? and what did he do in 1864? What was his other reform and what were his bad things?
1861: The emancipation of Serfs. And in 1864 he created zemstvos.
He also reduced censorship.
But! banned trade unions + had massive police force.
How much of the population were non-Russian ethnic minorities by Nicholas II reign?
50% of the population
How many new measures were created in Russification?
600 restrictions, and particular focus on jewish people.
How many jews fled from Russia because of persecution?
5 million.
What was formed in 1897? as due to Russification.
A jewish revolutionary union the “Bund”
When Tsar Alexander III started Russification what was his advisor Pobedonostsev plan for the Jewish population
1/3 must die. 1/3 must emigrate. 1/3 must assimilate.
How many levels of bureaucracy was there?
14
The police force weakness
1 policeman per 3850 peasants
How long has the Russian Orthodox Church been under state control?
1721
