A new Era: post 1905 - the Duma

Question 1

Voting laws of Dec 1905
(evidence universal suffrage not achieved post-1905)

Answer 1

men over 25 can vote but only landowners with estates over 200 hectares to vote directly for rep. Peasants only had indirect vote as they elected someone of higher status to vote on their behalf. Over 60% of working population was excluded from voting. Soldiers and women couldn’t vote.

Question 2

When where the Fundamental Laws implemented?

Answer 2

23rd April 1906

Question 3

What are the Fundamental Laws?

Answer 3

all laws required his approval (veto), he appointed his own ministers who were only accountable to him, and he retained complete control over foreign affairs, milit matters, and declaring SoE.

Question 4

what is Article 87 of the fundamental laws?

Answer 4

the Tsar could dismiss the Duma and legislate on his own under “exceptional circumstances”

Question 5

In Dec 1905, electoral laws were est. what were these? (they did not achieve full and universal suffrage)

Answer 5

men over 25 can vote but only landowners with estates over 200 hectares to vote directly for rep. Peasants only had indirect vote as they elected someone of higher status to vote on their behalf. Over 60% of working population was excluded from voting. Soldiers and women couldn’t vote.

Question 6

When was the first Duma around?

Answer 6

The Duma of Public Anger, lasted 73 days, 27th April - July 1906

Question 7

How many laws did the first Duma pass?

Answer 7

Two. a ban on capital punishment and famine relief measures.

Question 8

When was the Second Duma around?

Answer 8

Feb-June 1907 (4 months)

Question 9

What do the first three Duma’s look like in comparison to eachother?

Answer 9

1st: uncompliant to Nicky and uninfluential
2nd: more radical and more divided
3rd: conservative and right wing

Question 10

What was up with the bills for the second Duma?

Answer 10

There was 287 submitted govt bills, 20 were approved, 3 enforced (2 on crop failure and 1 on army recruits).

Question 11

After the false accusations about the SD’s in the second Duma, what happened?

Answer 11

55/65 of SD’s found “guilty” and banned from public office.

Question 12

When was the third duma around?

Answer 12

Nov 1907 - June 1912

Question 13

What were PM stolypins changes to the electoral system so that the third Duma would be more compliant?

Answer 13

• Voting suspended in districts where pop “had not reached sufficient levels of civic dev.” AKA SR+SD regions.
• No of deputies from Peasant, urban worker, minority backgrounds decreased. while deputies from landed gentry increase.
• only 1 in 6 men could vote … 1% of pop voted for 300 of 441 deputies.

Question 14

How many bills were approved in each Duma?

Answer 14

1st: 2
2nd: 20
3rd: 2571

Question 15

How many bills were approved in the third Duma?

Answer 15

2571, which included social reforms like Gapon’s request of national insurance payments and schools for poor kids + budgetary work.

Question 16

When did stolypin become prime minister?

Answer 16

August 1906

Question 17

When did the Lena Goldfields massacre occur?

Answer 17

12th April 1912

Question 18

How many people were shot and died in the Lena Goldfields massacre

Answer 18

500 shot, and 250 died

Question 19

Amount of strikes in 1911 with political demands vs 1914

Answer 19

24 strikes, 2400 strikes

Question 20

over 1912 - 1914 how many people striked and how many times (in response to Lena Goldfields massacre)

Answer 20

3 million and 9000 times

Question 21

what happened on the eve of ww1 in St.P

Answer 21

a general strike that shut down the city

Question 22

What was the government doing in the time of the fourth duma?

Answer 22

the “years of repression” in reaction to industrial unrest

Question 23

when Stolypin declared martial law after becoming PM, how long after the Oct Manifesto was this?

Answer 23

only 10 months

Question 24

Because of the martial law declared by Stolypin, how many people were executed?

Answer 24

between 1906-1913, 3376 ppl executed, 2193 of which were between 1906-1908

Question 25

What was the reasoning/process behind Stolypin’s aim to create the kulaks

Answer 25

‘first of all, we have to create a citizen a small landowner, and then the peasant problem will be solved’ and it was a “wager on the strong” to solve agrarian crisis, and it would “de-revolutionise the peasantry”

Question 26

when was the agrarian reform act?

Answer 26

9th Nov 1906

Question 27

because of stolypin land reforms, how many peasants moved out of mir and was the attempt to create class of kulaks successful?

Answer 27

By 1913, 2mil peasant families left to farm independently,
Yes, 15% of pop was kulaks

Question 28

evidence that stolypins reforms to land for the peasants wasn’t so successful

Answer 28

50% of peasants were still living in mir by 1913, and the amount of land peasants owned only increased by 170mil

Question 29

because of Stolypin’s reforms to education, what happened to amount of primary schools

Answer 29

no. of primary schools x2 bw 1906 and 1913

Question 30

What were the results of Stoypins reforms on aid offered to peasants?

Answer 30

local council expenditure on health, poor relief and agricultural advice x2 Hw/ yield was still half of what it was in W. Eur.

Question 31

when did Stolypin die?

Answer 31

18th Sept 1911

Question 32

immediatly after nicky went to war, what happened to strikes?

Answer 32

Jan- July 1914: 34593 strikes
Aug-Dec 1914: 41 strikes

Question 33

when did russia join ww1?

Answer 33

end of july 1914

Question 34

how many conscripts willingly reported to duty at the start of ww1?

Answer 34

95%