february revolution

Question 1

what/when was the first wave of strikes bw 1915 and Feb 1917?

Answer 1

Aug - Dec 1915: at the tail end of ‘Great Retreat’, coincide w dismissal of Duma and defeat in Galicia

Question 2

what/when was the second wave of strikes bw 1915 and Feb 1917?

Answer 2

Jan - June 1916: mainly in P’grad by steel workers (espc Putilov steel workers, who were Bloody Sunday OG’s)… these economic strikes turned political eg. Started with increased wage demands, ended in a protest of militarisation of labour.

Question 3

what/when was the third wave of strikes bw 1915 and Feb 1917?

Answer 3

July 1916 - Jan 1917: mix of pol + econ… activity went beyond P’grad… on Jan 9th 1917 commemorate 1905 (150,000 workers) protested the lack of food, poor SOL + the war.

Question 4

what were liberals Guchkov and Lvov planning in Jan 1917?

Answer 4

to replace tsar with a constitutional govt and put alexei on the throne

Question 5

what was the temp in 1916-1917 winter

Answer 5

-35°C instead of usual -14°C

Question 6

why were food and fuel supplies critically low in 1916-1917 winter?

Answer 6

private rail travel was banned due to govt prioritisation of food to war effort + deliveries were hard bc heavy snow

Question 7

18th of Feb (start)

Answer 7

Putilov steel factory workers strike … 40,000 militant workers on the street

Question 8

22nd Feb:

Answer 8

Putilov steel factory strike escalates (demands x met) and the strike now includes other workers… strikes begin to denounce govt.

Question 9

23rd Feb:

Answer 9

1000s of WC P’grad women march for Int. Women’s Day. Includes anti-govt, anti-war banners and demands for bread. men join the march… 90,000 workers on the street by evening (doubled in 5 days).

Question 10

24th Feb:

Answer 10

strikes gather momentum, now over 200,000 workers on the streets (doubled again in a day). Key Demands: end war + end autocratic rule. Clashes w police begin.

Question 11

26th Feb:

Answer 11

Rodzianko cables Nicky: “Any procrastination is tantamount to death”. Low Morale with troops… mutinies across garrisons + even declaring support for workers. Nicholas unwilling or unable to accept situation and orders the dismissal of the Duma.

Question 12

26th Feb: How many people on the streets?

Answer 12

300,000 now on the street. fighting bw workers and soldiers. Soldiers ordered to fire directly into crowd, 200 casualties Hw/ some soldiers refused to follow orders.

Question 13

27th Feb: how many on the streets?

Answer 13

A general strike has paralysed P’grad of 400,000 ppl, soldiers mutinied and joined (70,00 by end of the day).

Question 14

27th Feb: Important events:

Answer 14

rodzianko and nicky correspondance: That fat Rodzianko has sent me some nonsense which I will not even reply”. duma dismisses itself,, provisional committee formed, the P’grad Soviet formed.

Question 15

28th Feb:

Answer 15

widespread surrender of police + tsarist officials, the streets are under the control of the workers + soldiers. Elections for the P’grad Soviet continue. Nicholas finally tries to get to the capital but never makes it there.

Question 16

1st March:

Answer 16

The Provisional Committee resolves to take power as the Provisional Govt. The P’grad Soviet accepts this after amnesty for mutinous troops is agreed. Soviet Order No. 1

Question 17

what is soviet order no 1?

Answer 17

soldiers of P’grad garrison will obey the order of the new govt as long as it x ‘conflict’ w will of the Soviet.

Question 18

2nd March:

Answer 18

Nicky abdicates and the PG is formally announced.

Question 19

3rd March:

Answer 19

after 300 years of rule, the Romanov rule has come to an end. A “Glorious February” and mass jubilation, hope that a new demo era was going to begin. The interim govt recognised by international states.

Question 20

which men were involved in creating the Provisional Committee?

Answer 20

Rodzianko, Milyukov, and Kerensky