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Earth Science > Stars and the Universe > Flashcards

Stars and the Universe Flashcards

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1
Q

most accurate explanation of the beginning of universe

cataclysmic explosion that followed with the expansion and cooling of the universe

A

big bang theory

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2
Q

plots stars according to their absolute magnitude and diagram spectral type;

divides stars into three general catagories:
main sequence
red supergiant
white dwarf

A

hertzsprung-russell diagram

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3
Q

interstellar cloud consisting mostly of hydrogen and helium

birthplace of the stars

A

nebula

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4
Q

gravitational attraction of particles in the nebula; start of hydrogen fusion

A

protostar

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5
Q

a star with minimal change in size or energy output

A

main-sequence

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6
Q

continuous hydrogen fusion until all hydrogen is depleted

A

star

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7
Q

a star in which hydrogen is nearly depleted, resulting into a helium-rich core; start of core contraction

A

red giant

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8
Q

a star slow consumption of depleted hydrogen fuel

A

white dwarf

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9
Q

spherical cloud of particles made up of heavy elements

A

planetary nebula

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10
Q

bright explosion of red supergiant

A

supernova

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11
Q

small, extremely dense star resulting from a supernova implosion (collapsing violently inward)

A

neutron star

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12
Q

resulting from supernova explosion of supermassive stars; produces a gravitational field that also attracts light

A

black hole

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13
Q

group of stars seen from earth

forming patterns in the sky and changing position over time due to Earth’s revolution

A

constellation

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14
Q

life cycle of a star (average)

A

nebula - protostar - main sequence star - red giant - planetary nebula - white dwarf

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15
Q

life cycle of a star (massive star)

A

nebula - protostar - massive star - red supergiant - supernova - neutron star or blackhole

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16
Q

what does star change in

A

size, temperature and luminosity

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17
Q

classification of stars relies on

A

temperature, mass, radius, luminosity and lifetime

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18
Q

types of stars

A

giant stars
white dwarfs
supergiant stars

19
Q

low mass, near the end of their lives

A

giant stars

20
Q

dying remnant of an imploded star

A

white dwarf

21
Q

high mass, hotter temperatures, brighter luminosities, much close to the end of their lives

A

supergiant star

22
Q

brightest star in the earth’s night sky

looks like one huge star but made up of several stars

A

sirius

23
Q

collection of interstellar matter, stars, and stellar remnants that are bound by gravity

A

galaxy

24
Q

types of galaxies

A

spiral galaxy
elliptical galaxy
irregular galaxy

25
Q

lines of equal brightness made up of concentric and similar ellipses

A

elliptical

26
Q

spiral shaped arms that spread from the nucleus outward to the edge

A

spiral

27
Q

grainy, highly irregular assemblages of luminous areas, with no distinct symmetry or central nucleus

A

irregular

28
Q

a galaxy group bound by gravity

A

galactic cluster

29
Q

doesnt produce its own light; illuminated by the sun and others

A

planets

30
Q

revolves around a planet

reflects the light of a star

A

natural satellites/moon

31
Q

an interstellar (between stars) cloud of dust, hydrogen and plasma that come from exploded stars essential for the formation of new stars

A

nebula

32
Q

birth of galaxies

A

nebula - galaxy - stars - plannets - satellites

33
Q

the part of star hot enough to drive hydrogen atoms together, resisting forces of electromagnetic repulsion

A

core

34
Q

magnetized rotating star that emits electromagnetic radiation that can be observed as pulses of light

A

pulsar

35
Q

stars from highest to lowest temperature

A

blue - white - yellow - orange - red

36
Q

incapable of producing THEIR OWN LIGHT

A

planets/comet/moon

37
Q

falling star

visible boulder-sized debris

A

meteor

38
Q

small piece of rock traversing across outer space

A

meteoroid

39
Q

meteoroid upon reaching a planet’s atmosphere, falling towards planet’s surface

A

meteor

40
Q

meteor upon reaching a planet’s surface

A

meteorite

41
Q

distance that light can travel within a year

A

light years

42
Q

rocky/metallic material more than 100m in diameter

A

asteroid

43
Q

loose collection of rocky material, frozen gases, dust and ice

A

comet

44
Q

spherical celestial bodies orbiting the Sun that are too small to remove smaller objects in their orbit

ex: Ceres

A

dwarf planets

Earth Science (13 decks)

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