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Earth Science > Atmosphere > Flashcards

Atmosphere Flashcards

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1
Q

blanket of gas that covers the earth’s surface

protects the earth from excess UV rays and objects from outer space

A

atmosphere

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2
Q

functions of atmosphere

A

protection from radiation

protection from meteors

weather activity

respiration

allows sound to be heard

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3
Q

particles of air nearer the surface of the earth are denser and they gradually scatter with increasing altitude (due to decreasing gravity as altitude increases)

A

dispersion

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4
Q

gets colder as one gets higher

where weather activities occur

thinnest layer

A

troposphere

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5
Q

gets warmer as one gets higher

where ozone layer is located

ozone layer absorbs 97-99% of medium freq. UV light

some planes reach up to this layer

A

stratosphere

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6
Q

gets colder as one gets higher

where most meteors disintegrate due to its freezing temp.

absorbs very little solar radiation

A

mesosphere

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7
Q

gets hotter as one goes higher

A

thermosphere

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8
Q

continuous with outer space

A

exosphere

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9
Q

signify change in temperature behavior; signify beginning and end of each layer

A

pauses

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10
Q

4 pauses

A

tropopause, stratopause, mesopause, thermopause

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11
Q

composition of atmosphere

A

78% dinitrogen (n2), 20.1% o2, 0.9% ar, less than 1% other gases

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12
Q

water that flows above and below the surface

A

hydrosphere

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13
Q

hydrologic cycle

A

evaporation - condensation - precipitation

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14
Q

sun heat’s convert water to water vapor;

water vapor can also come form transpiration that occurs on the surface of plant leaves

A

evaporation

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15
Q

cloud formation; water vapor/ ire releases HEAT, returning to droplet form

A

condensation

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16
Q

water falls back to the earth’s surface

A

precipitation

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17
Q

movement of water is caused by

A

waves, tides, and currents

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18
Q

caused by wind blowing across the water’s surface; can shape the shoreline

A

waves

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19
Q

strongest forces that move the ocean tides

A

tides

20
Q

continuous movement of sea water in a particular direction

responsible in balancing Earth’s energy and regulating the climate

A

currents

21
Q

circular paths that open ocean currents flow

A

gyre

22
Q

northern hemisphere gyre

A

clockwise direction

23
Q

southern hemisphere gyre

A

counterclockwise direction

24
Q

solid part of the earth

outer 100km of earth

made up of granite continental crust, basaltic oceanic crust and peridotite mantle

rests on semi-solid bed called asthenosphere

A

lithosphere

25
Q

accumulation of loosed, weathered material that covers much of the lithosphere

primarily composed of weathered rock

A

soil

26
Q

types of soil

A

clay - sand - silt - loam

27
Q

fine particles, settle well together and can hold water well

A

clay

28
Q

larger than clay but smaller than sand, feels smooth when wet

A

silt

29
Q

largest particles, feels rough cause of its sharp edges; doesn’t hold much nutrients

A

sand

30
Q

combination of clay, silt and sand

mixture of bacteria, water and humus (decayed plant and animal material) - makes soil reach in nutrients

BEST SOIL FOR PLANTS (retains water well and gives plants room to breathe)

A

loam

31
Q

properties of soil

A

color - porosity - permeability

32
Q

property is based on composition

A

color

33
Q

amount of air spaces within a soil

A

porosity

34
Q

capacity of soil to let fluids seep through

A

permeability

35
Q

flood prone soil

A

low porosity and permeability (rainwater cannot seep through soil)

36
Q

minerals

A

naturally occurring

inorganic matter

have a chemical formula

have a crystalline form

37
Q

physical properties of minerals

A

color - streak - luster - specific gravity - cleavage - parting - fracture - hardness

38
Q

most noticeable BUT UNRELIABLE in identifying materials

A

color

39
Q

color of the fine powder left when mineral is rubbed against a hard, rough surface

___ of mineral is always the same

A

streak

40
Q

piece of unglazed porcelain used to create a streak

A

streak plate

41
Q

the way light reflects from mineral’s surface; either metallic or non-metallic

A

luster

42
Q

tendency of material to break parallel to atomic planes (form crystalline structure)

A

cleavage

43
Q

tendency to break along surfaces that follow a structural weaknesses caused by factors such as pressure, or long zones of different crystal types

A

parting

44
Q

breaks that do not follow a particular direction when they break

A

fracture

45
Q

a mineral’s resistance to being scratched

A

diamond

46
Q

moh’s hardness scale

A

talc - gypsum - calcite - fluorite - apatite - orthoclane - quartz - topaz - conrundum - diamond

Earth Science (13 decks)

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