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Anatomy E2 > Starred Lecture Items L9 > Flashcards

Starred Lecture Items L9 Flashcards

1
Q

when do somites originate

A

3rd week of embryogenesis

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2
Q

what is a somite

A

mesodermal segments of embryos originating from stem cells that become the vertebral column, skeletal muscle and dermis.

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3
Q

when does the mesoderm differentiate into somites

A

after day 20

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4
Q

how many pairs of somites come from the mesoderm and how many sets of spinal nerves do they eventually create

A

44 pairs of somites; 31 sets of spinal nerves

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5
Q

what happens at the 7th week of embryogenesis regarding upper and lower limbs

A

upper and lower limbs undergo a 90 degree torsion in opposite directions, elbow goes caudally and knee goes cranially

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6
Q

what are:
syndactyly
polydactyly
macrodactyly
adactyly
ectrodactyly
anomalies

A

syn: fusion of digits
poly: extra digits (usually bilateral)
macro: enlarged digits
a: absence of digits
ectro: lobster claw

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7
Q

what are:
amelia
meromelia
phocomelia
anomalies

A

a: absence of extremities
mero: partial absence of extremities
phoco: shortened lower extremities

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8
Q

what are the 4 joints of the UE and are they synovial or functional

A

glenohumeral (syn)
acromioclavicular AC (syn)
sternoclavicular (syn)
scapulothoracic (functional)

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9
Q

what end of the clavicle is flat and what is rounder/pointy

A

sternal end is flat
acromial end is rounder/pointy

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10
Q

what is the antebrachium

A

forearm

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11
Q

what head of the tricep doesnt attach to the humerus

A

long head

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12
Q

is the long head and short head of the bicep biarticulate or triarticulate

A

triarticulate

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13
Q

biarticulate vs triarticulate

A

bi: works across two joints
tri: works across three joints (ex. shoulder elbow forearm)

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14
Q

what vessel runs on top of the superior transverse scapular ligament and what runs under it/through the notch

A

suprascapular nerve travels through notch/ under ligament
suprascapular artery runs above

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15
Q

three types of acromion (which is best)

A

type I: flat (most healthy/ norm)
type II: curved
type III: hooked (caused by bone spurs/overuse–causes compression of subacromial vessels)

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16
Q

most common to least common rotator cuff injury muscle

A

supraspin=most common
subscap= least common

17
Q

what is a partial vs complete rotator cuff tear called

A

partial: articular/ bursal side tear
complete: full thickness tear (all the way through the tendon)

18
Q

what is injured in a SLAP injury and where does it start

A

glenoid labrum (ring of cartilage around shoulder socket/ glenoid) ; starts at 12/1 o clock but can spread

19
Q

total shoulder abduction ROM is…

A

180 degrees

20
Q

early phase of shoulder humoral rotation (degrees)
what is involved

A

initial 30 degrees of abduction
GHJ only

21
Q

mid phase of shoulder humoral rotation (degrees)
what is involved

A

30 degrees to 120 degrees; scapular rotation and GH movement equally 1:1

22
Q

late phase of shoulder humoral rotation (degrees)
what is involved

A

120 degrees to 180 degrees
mostly GHJ (2/3:1)

23
Q

what three ligaments come off coracoid process

A

coracoacromial
coracohumeral
coracoclavicular (trapezoid and conoid)

24
Q

separated shoulder and mechanism?

A

only ac ligament
mechanism: acromioclavicular joint is dislocated but no ligament separation??????

25
Q

piano key injury and mechanism?

A

dislocation of ac joint plus rupture of two coracoclavicular ligament (trapezoid and conoid ligaments)
mechanism: ????

26
Q

if shoulder capsule is bilaterally instable/loose it is…. if unilateral it is….

A

born loose if bilaterally
torn loose if unilateral

27
Q

what is a bursa?

A

synovial membrane goes through fibrous membrane to form bursa
between tendons and fibrous membrane

28
Q

what are the bursas in the shoulder

A

subscapular bursa
subacromial bursa

29
Q

what is the most common direction of shoulder dislocation

A

anterior (slides forward)

30
Q

why is the shoulder the most commonly dislocated joint

A

most ROM

31
Q

what is subluxation

A

not complete dislocation

32
Q

what is a bankart injury

A

shoulder capsule (glenoid labrum) gets stretched out/ tears

33
Q

what position does arm need to be in for full ROM (abduction) at glenohumoral joint

A

palm up to reach ear

34
Q

linked motions— clavicle

A

Anatomy E2 (10 decks)

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